Abdomen Flashcards
1
Q
level of the greater splanchnic nerve
A
T5-9
2
Q
level of the lesser splanchnic nerve
A
T9-T11
3
Q
level of the least splanchnic nerve
A
T12
4
Q
what does the greater splanchnic nerve innervate
A
celiac, aorticorenal ganglia and supra renal gland
5
Q
what does the lesser splanchnic nerve innervate
A
superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia
6
Q
what does the least splanchnic nerve innervate
A
aorticorenal ganglion
7
Q
how many branches of lumbar splanchnic nerves
A
4
8
Q
lumbar splanchnic nerves innervate
A
inferior mensenteric ganglion, hypogastric plexus and nerves
9
Q
What are the 5 preaortic ganglia
A
celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal, inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexus
10
Q
level of Sympathetics to esophagus
A
T5-8
11
Q
levels of sympathetics to stomach/duodenum
A
T5-T9
12
Q
levels of sympathetics to liver and gall bladder
A
T6-T9
13
Q
levels of sympathetics to spleen
A
T7-T9
14
Q
levels of sympathetics to pancreas
A
T7-T9
15
Q
levels of sympathetics to suprarenal gland
A
T8-T10
16
Q
levels of sympathetics to midgut
A
T9-T11
17
Q
Levels of sympathetics to kidney
A
T10-L1
18
Q
levels of sympathetics to upper ureter
A
T10-L1l
19
Q
level of sympathetics to lower ureter
A
L1-L2
20
Q
level of sympathetics to testes or ovaries
A
T10-11
21
Q
level of sympathetics to large intestine (to splenic fixture)
A
T10-L1
22
Q
level of sympathetics ot large intestine through rectum
A
L1-L2
23
Q
foregut and midgut parasympathetics are from
A
vagus nerve
24
Q
hindgut parasympathetics are from
A
pelvic splanchnic nerves (from sacral spinal cord)
25
where are the Posganglionic GVE for vagus
medulla oblonguota, dorsal vagal nucleus
26
where are the GVA for vagus
inferior ganglion of vagus
27
where are the GVE postganglionic for hind gut
wall of organ or hypogastric plexus
28
where are the GVA for hind gut
posterior root ganglion
29
external iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from
lower limb, lower abdominal wall, perineum and pelvic structures
30
internal iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from
pelvis, perineum, and gluteal regions
31
sacral lymph nodes receive lymph from
rectum and pelvic structures
32
lateral aortic nodes receive lymph from
common illiac lymph nodes, gonads, kidneys, ureters, uterine tube, uterus,, lateral abdominal muscles
33
what lymph nodes give rise to lumbar trunks
lateral aortic nodes
34
what are the prearotic lymph nodes
SMA, IMA and celiac
35
What is the vertebral level extent of the abdominal aorta
T12-L4
36
What is the vertebral extent of the inferior vena cava ?
L5-T8
37
What is the major difference between the right and left testicular veins ?
the right testicular drains directly into the IVC where as the left testicular drains into the left renal vein
38
spinal levels of subcostal
t12
39
spinal level of iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve
l1
40
spinal level of genitofemoral nerve
l1-l2
41
spinal level of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
L2 L3
42
spinal level of obturator and femoral nerves
L2-L4
43
What are the anatomical constrictions of the ureters (places where kidney stones can get caught)
over inferior renal pole
when it passes behind testicular vessels
when it corsses over external iliac vessels
when it transverses the bladder
44
what is the suprarenal medulla innervated by
preganglionic sympathetic axons
45
what is the vertebrocostal triangle
slit in the diaphragm that is a weakness and a site for hernias (specifically congenital diaphragmatic hernias)
46
the right upper quadrant contains
liver and gall bladder
47
the left upper quadrant contains
stomach and the spleen
48
the left lower quadrant contains
descending colon and sigmoid colon
49
the right lower quadrant contains
cecum and the appendix
50
The line the divides the abdomen into four quandrant is at what spinal cord level
L3 and L4
51
major vessels at L1
superior mesenteric and celiac trunk
52
major vessels at L2
renal arteries
53
major vessels at L3
inferior mesenteric artery
54
major vessels at L4
aorta bifurcation
55
major vessels at L5
left and right common iliac joint IVC
56
transpyloric plane is what
line at Rib 10 and 11 horizontally or halfway between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis
57
intertubuercular plane or transtubercular
horizontal line at iliac crests
58
costal cartilage is at what spinal level if you drew a horozontal line through it /
L3
59
What structures are found at L1
hila of kidneys, neck of pancreas, origin of superior mesenteric artery
60
kidney left is found
rib 11, hila L1
61
right kidney is found
rib 12, hila l1
62
spleen is found
left side at ribs 9 through
63
pneumoperitoneum
gas is introduced into the peritoneal cavity for laproscopic procedures
64
another name for ligamentum teres
round ligament of the liver (obliterated umbilical vein)
65
the ventral mesentery becomes what in the adult
lesser omentum
66
contents of the portal triad
cystic duct, proper hepatic artery and the portal vein
67
what structure transmits the left gastric artery
left gastropancreatic fold
68
what structures transmits the hepatic artery to the lesser omentum
right gastropancreatic fold
69
phrenicolic ligament
tethers splenic flexure of colon to body wall
70
volvulus
movement or twisting of the organ that can result in blocking of flow and cause ischemia
71
peritoneal organs
stomach, spleen, 1,4 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon
72
primary retropertoneal
kidneys, ureters, baldder, aorta, IVC
73
secondary retroperitoneal
dudoen 2,4 ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas, gallbladder and liver
74
fluid in left paracolic gutter
does NOT extend superiorly beyond the left colic flexure (phrenicocolic ligament is a dam)
75
intussuception
telescoping of a proximal gut segment into the lumen of an adjacent segment (common in ileocolic region and can result in necrosis)
76
signs of an upper GI bleed
vomitting, bloody or black tarry stools
77
signs of lower GI bleed
red or maroon colored stool
78
where is the gallbladder found
semilunar line and the 9th costal cartilage
79
where are the kidneys found
scapular line at 12th rib
80
visceroptosis
weak abdominal wall muscles that can result in protrusion of the abdominal wall from lack of support
81
ligamentum teres is a remnant of
LEFT umbillical vein
82
medial umbilical ligament is from
oblierated umbilical arteries
83
transversalis fascia helps form
deep inguinal ring
84
superficial ring is an opening in
external abdominal oblque
85
contents of the spermatic cord
```
ductus deferans
testicular artery
cremasteric artery
deferential artery
testicular vein
lymph vessels
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
autonomic nerve fibers
```
86
lymph from testes
lumbar lymph nodes
87
lymph from scrotum
inguinal lymph nodes
88
which crus of the diaphragm is longer and P shaped for the esophagus to enter
RIGHT crus
89
what are the 5 f's for abdominal protrusions
fat, feces, flatus and fluid
90
cremaster reflex is testing what nerve /
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
91
grynfeltts hernia
lumbar herna, herniation at the superior lumbar triangle (between the 12th rib, quadratus lumborum and the internal oblique)
92
petit's hernia
herniation of the inferior lumbar triangle (between lattisumus dorsi, external oblique and iliac crest)
93
obturator hernia
herniation of viscera through the obturator canal
94
umbillical
herniation through the umbillicus
95
culdocentesis
removal of fluid from the recto uterine pouch; done by entering the peritoneal cavity via the posterior vaginal fornix
96
what are the portal-caval anastomoses
left gastric to esophageal veins
superior rectal to middle and inferior rectal veins
paraumbilical veins to superior epigastric veins
bare area of liver to inferior phrenic veins
intestinal veins- retroperitoneal veins (renal veins)
97
metastasis of cancerous cells from the stomach will most likely invade what part of the liver
LEFT lobe
98
upper esophagus SL
T1-4
99
LOWER ESOPHAGUS SL
T5-T8
100
STOMACH/DUODENUM
T5-T9
101
LIVER AND GALLBLADDER
T6-T9 (RIGHT)
102
SPLEEN
T6-T9; LEFT
103
PANCREAS-
T7-T9
104
ADRENAL MEDULLA
T11-L2
105
MIDGUT
T9-T11
106
KIDNEY
T10-L1
107
upper ureter
T10-L1
108
LOWER URETER
L1-L2
109
TESTES
T10-T11
110
LARGE INTESTINE
T11-L1
111
LARGE INTESTINE UPPER 1/2 RECTUM
L1-L2
112
PELVIC ORGANS
L1-L2
