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Anatomy > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

level of the greater splanchnic nerve

A

T5-9

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2
Q

level of the lesser splanchnic nerve

A

T9-T11

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3
Q

level of the least splanchnic nerve

A

T12

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4
Q

what does the greater splanchnic nerve innervate

A

celiac, aorticorenal ganglia and supra renal gland

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5
Q

what does the lesser splanchnic nerve innervate

A

superior mesenteric and aorticorenal ganglia

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6
Q

what does the least splanchnic nerve innervate

A

aorticorenal ganglion

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7
Q

how many branches of lumbar splanchnic nerves

A

4

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8
Q

lumbar splanchnic nerves innervate

A

inferior mensenteric ganglion, hypogastric plexus and nerves

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9
Q

What are the 5 preaortic ganglia

A

celiac, superior mesenteric, aorticorenal, inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexus

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10
Q

level of Sympathetics to esophagus

A

T5-8

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11
Q

levels of sympathetics to stomach/duodenum

A

T5-T9

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12
Q

levels of sympathetics to liver and gall bladder

A

T6-T9

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13
Q

levels of sympathetics to spleen

A

T7-T9

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14
Q

levels of sympathetics to pancreas

A

T7-T9

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15
Q

levels of sympathetics to suprarenal gland

A

T8-T10

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16
Q

levels of sympathetics to midgut

A

T9-T11

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17
Q

Levels of sympathetics to kidney

A

T10-L1

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18
Q

levels of sympathetics to upper ureter

A

T10-L1l

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19
Q

level of sympathetics to lower ureter

A

L1-L2

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20
Q

level of sympathetics to testes or ovaries

A

T10-11

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21
Q

level of sympathetics to large intestine (to splenic fixture)

A

T10-L1

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22
Q

level of sympathetics ot large intestine through rectum

A

L1-L2

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23
Q

foregut and midgut parasympathetics are from

A

vagus nerve

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24
Q

hindgut parasympathetics are from

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves (from sacral spinal cord)

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25
Q

where are the Posganglionic GVE for vagus

A

medulla oblonguota, dorsal vagal nucleus

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26
Q

where are the GVA for vagus

A

inferior ganglion of vagus

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27
Q

where are the GVE postganglionic for hind gut

A

wall of organ or hypogastric plexus

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28
Q

where are the GVA for hind gut

A

posterior root ganglion

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29
Q

external iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from

A

lower limb, lower abdominal wall, perineum and pelvic structures

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30
Q

internal iliac lymph nodes receive lymph from

A

pelvis, perineum, and gluteal regions

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31
Q

sacral lymph nodes receive lymph from

A

rectum and pelvic structures

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32
Q

lateral aortic nodes receive lymph from

A

common illiac lymph nodes, gonads, kidneys, ureters, uterine tube, uterus,, lateral abdominal muscles

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33
Q

what lymph nodes give rise to lumbar trunks

A

lateral aortic nodes

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34
Q

what are the prearotic lymph nodes

A

SMA, IMA and celiac

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35
Q

What is the vertebral level extent of the abdominal aorta

A

T12-L4

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36
Q

What is the vertebral extent of the inferior vena cava ?

A

L5-T8

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37
Q

What is the major difference between the right and left testicular veins ?

A

the right testicular drains directly into the IVC where as the left testicular drains into the left renal vein

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38
Q

spinal levels of subcostal

A

t12

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39
Q

spinal level of iliohypogastric nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

A

l1

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40
Q

spinal level of genitofemoral nerve

A

l1-l2

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41
Q

spinal level of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

A

L2 L3

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42
Q

spinal level of obturator and femoral nerves

A

L2-L4

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43
Q

What are the anatomical constrictions of the ureters (places where kidney stones can get caught)

A

over inferior renal pole
when it passes behind testicular vessels
when it corsses over external iliac vessels
when it transverses the bladder

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44
Q

what is the suprarenal medulla innervated by

A

preganglionic sympathetic axons

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45
Q

what is the vertebrocostal triangle

A

slit in the diaphragm that is a weakness and a site for hernias (specifically congenital diaphragmatic hernias)

46
Q

the right upper quadrant contains

A

liver and gall bladder

47
Q

the left upper quadrant contains

A

stomach and the spleen

48
Q

the left lower quadrant contains

A

descending colon and sigmoid colon

49
Q

the right lower quadrant contains

A

cecum and the appendix

50
Q

The line the divides the abdomen into four quandrant is at what spinal cord level

A

L3 and L4

51
Q

major vessels at L1

A

superior mesenteric and celiac trunk

52
Q

major vessels at L2

A

renal arteries

53
Q

major vessels at L3

A

inferior mesenteric artery

54
Q

major vessels at L4

A

aorta bifurcation

55
Q

major vessels at L5

A

left and right common iliac joint IVC

56
Q

transpyloric plane is what

A

line at Rib 10 and 11 horizontally or halfway between suprasternal notch and pubic symphysis

57
Q

intertubuercular plane or transtubercular

A

horizontal line at iliac crests

58
Q

costal cartilage is at what spinal level if you drew a horozontal line through it /

A

L3

59
Q

What structures are found at L1

A

hila of kidneys, neck of pancreas, origin of superior mesenteric artery

60
Q

kidney left is found

A

rib 11, hila L1

61
Q

right kidney is found

A

rib 12, hila l1

62
Q

spleen is found

A

left side at ribs 9 through

63
Q

pneumoperitoneum

A

gas is introduced into the peritoneal cavity for laproscopic procedures

64
Q

another name for ligamentum teres

A

round ligament of the liver (obliterated umbilical vein)

65
Q

the ventral mesentery becomes what in the adult

A

lesser omentum

66
Q

contents of the portal triad

A

cystic duct, proper hepatic artery and the portal vein

67
Q

what structure transmits the left gastric artery

A

left gastropancreatic fold

68
Q

what structures transmits the hepatic artery to the lesser omentum

A

right gastropancreatic fold

69
Q

phrenicolic ligament

A

tethers splenic flexure of colon to body wall

70
Q

volvulus

A

movement or twisting of the organ that can result in blocking of flow and cause ischemia

71
Q

peritoneal organs

A

stomach, spleen, 1,4 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon

72
Q

primary retropertoneal

A

kidneys, ureters, baldder, aorta, IVC

73
Q

secondary retroperitoneal

A

dudoen 2,4 ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, pancreas, gallbladder and liver

74
Q

fluid in left paracolic gutter

A

does NOT extend superiorly beyond the left colic flexure (phrenicocolic ligament is a dam)

75
Q

intussuception

A

telescoping of a proximal gut segment into the lumen of an adjacent segment (common in ileocolic region and can result in necrosis)

76
Q

signs of an upper GI bleed

A

vomitting, bloody or black tarry stools

77
Q

signs of lower GI bleed

A

red or maroon colored stool

78
Q

where is the gallbladder found

A

semilunar line and the 9th costal cartilage

79
Q

where are the kidneys found

A

scapular line at 12th rib

80
Q

visceroptosis

A

weak abdominal wall muscles that can result in protrusion of the abdominal wall from lack of support

81
Q

ligamentum teres is a remnant of

A

LEFT umbillical vein

82
Q

medial umbilical ligament is from

A

oblierated umbilical arteries

83
Q

transversalis fascia helps form

A

deep inguinal ring

84
Q

superficial ring is an opening in

A

external abdominal oblque

85
Q

contents of the spermatic cord

A 
ductus deferans
testicular artery
cremasteric artery
deferential artery
testicular vein
lymph vessels
genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
autonomic nerve fibers
86
Q

lymph from testes

A

lumbar lymph nodes

87
Q

lymph from scrotum

A

inguinal lymph nodes

88
Q

which crus of the diaphragm is longer and P shaped for the esophagus to enter

A

RIGHT crus

89
Q

what are the 5 f’s for abdominal protrusions

A

fat, feces, flatus and fluid

90
Q

cremaster reflex is testing what nerve /

A

genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

91
Q

grynfeltts hernia

A

lumbar herna, herniation at the superior lumbar triangle (between the 12th rib, quadratus lumborum and the internal oblique)

92
Q

petit’s hernia

A

herniation of the inferior lumbar triangle (between lattisumus dorsi, external oblique and iliac crest)

93
Q

obturator hernia

A

herniation of viscera through the obturator canal

94
Q

umbillical

A

herniation through the umbillicus

95
Q

culdocentesis

A

removal of fluid from the recto uterine pouch; done by entering the peritoneal cavity via the posterior vaginal fornix

96
Q

what are the portal-caval anastomoses

A

left gastric to esophageal veins
superior rectal to middle and inferior rectal veins
paraumbilical veins to superior epigastric veins
bare area of liver to inferior phrenic veins
intestinal veins- retroperitoneal veins (renal veins)

97
Q

metastasis of cancerous cells from the stomach will most likely invade what part of the liver

A

LEFT lobe

98
Q

upper esophagus SL

A

T1-4

99
Q

LOWER ESOPHAGUS SL

A

T5-T8

100
Q

STOMACH/DUODENUM

A

T5-T9

101
Q

LIVER AND GALLBLADDER

A

T6-T9 (RIGHT)

102
Q

SPLEEN

A

T6-T9; LEFT

103
Q

PANCREAS-

A

T7-T9

104
Q

ADRENAL MEDULLA

A

T11-L2

105
Q

MIDGUT

A

T9-T11

106
Q

KIDNEY

A

T10-L1

107
Q

upper ureter

A

T10-L1

108
Q

LOWER URETER

A

L1-L2

109
Q

TESTES

A

T10-T11

110
Q

LARGE INTESTINE

A

T11-L1

111
Q

LARGE INTESTINE UPPER 1/2 RECTUM

A

L1-L2

112
Q

PELVIC ORGANS

A

L1-L2

Anatomy (22 decks)

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