THE TROUBLE WITH FAT Flashcards
what can obesity lead to?
poor self esteem and depression - can lead to chronic illness
what is the function of adipose tissue?
synthesizes/secretes hormones and inflammatory molecules (adipokines) - these secreted substances allow different tissues in the body to interact to maintain lipid homeostasis
what happens to lipid homeostasis (high fat diets) with an overconsumption of food?
causes dysregulation of homeostasis, and leads to pathologies
what is stroke associated with?
visceral adiposity (fat deposited around central organs)
greater waist to hip ratio increases the risk of what?
ischemic stroke
ischemic stroke risk is higher in men or women?
men
those under the age of ______ have the greatest increase in risk for stroke from central obesity.
65
why does obesity lead to type 2 diabetes?
due to dysregulation of lipid metabolism - causes insulin resistance
what does insulin resistance lead to?
hyperglycemia
- when the pancreas fails to be able to produce sufficient insulin to affect glucose uptake in cells
hyperglycaemia and altered blood flow may lead to?
diabetic retinopathy and blindness
hyperinsulinemia leads to?
hyperglycaemia and diabetes
what are the biggest risk factors for atherosclerosis?
obesity and inactivity
what does atherosclerosis cause?
coronary artery disease and peripheral vascular disease
what does altered lipid metabolism result from?
constant excess of nutrients and diet high in fats
- leads to low levels of HDL and high levels of LDL and triglycerides
what does the inflammatory process result in?
lipid dysregulation, compounds the problem by increasing influx of macrophages into vascular tissues where they remove LDL cholesterol from circulation - making foam cells - which advances atherosclerosis
what does over nutrition lead to?
deposition of fat in LIVER CELLS - enhanced by insulin resistance
what do fat deposits increase?
inflammatory activity, causing fibrosis
does obesity increase the chance of hepatocellular carcinoma?
yes
increased BMI is correlated with higher risk of colon cancer. Is this more common in males or females?
males
waist circumference is strongly correlated with?
colon cancer
what is apple shape?
visceral or central adiposity
what is pear shape?
subcutaneous fat deposits around hips/thighs
is apple shape or pear shape associated with higher risk of colon cancer?
apple shape
extra weight/pounds on the body adds stress to what?
bones and joints
what is mechanical stress caused by?
excess weight, adipokines secreted by fat play a role in causing osteoarthritis
what is responsible for osteoarthritis?
inflammatory molecules secreted by adipose tissue (adipokines)
