CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

Question 1

T1 and T2 diabetes evolves to what over time?

Answer 1

either relative or absolute deficiency of insulin - which results in clinical manifestations

Question 2

what is polydipsia?

Answer 2

EXCESSIVE THIRST- results in intracellular dehydration which occurs as hyperglycaemia pulls water out of body cells- including those in hypothalamic thirst centre

Question 3

when does blurred vision occur?

Answer 3

occurs with exposure of the lens and retina to hyperosmolar fluids

Question 4

what is fatigued result from?

Answer 4

results of lowered plasma volume, poor use of food products due to metabolic changes and possible sleep loss from severe nocturia

Question 5

when does paresthesias occur?

Answer 5

occurs due to dysfunction of the peripheral sensory nerves related to peripheral vascular disease
- infections can occur due to injury in people with peripheral vascular disease

Question 6

what is polydisphagia?

Answer 6

EXCESSIVE HUNGER - usually does not occur in T2D

Question 7

how does diabetes effect body mass and weight loss?

Answer 7

in T1D, result of cellular stores of carbs, fats and proteins (weight loss is common)

Question 8

what are the two steps losing body mass?

Answer 8

1. fluid loss through osmotic diuresis (vomiting when ketoacidosis may exaggerate this)
2. the absolute insulin deficiency leads to loss of body tissue as fat and proteins are used for energy as a result of insulin deficiency