AMYLIN, GLUCAGON, SOMATOSTATIN

Question 1

Amylin

Answer 1

• Released at the same time as insulin by beta cells
• it regulates blood sugar by delaying nutrient uptake through inhibition of gastric emptying and suppressing glucagon secretion after meals
• satiety effect, overall antinyperglycemic effect

Question 2

Glucagon:

Answer 2

• Polypeptide molecule produced by alpha seas and works opposite to insulin
• like insulin it travels to the liver via portal circulation ( exerts main function in liver )
• maintains brood sugar levels between meals by initiating gluconeolysis in the liver and increasing transport of amino acids into the liver and stimulating gluconeogenesis
• when high levels of glucagon, it activates adipose cell lipase making fatty acids available for use as an alternative source of energy
• can have a inotropie effect, enhance bile secretion and inhibit gastric acid secretion at high levels

Question 3

Somatostatin:

Answer 3

• Released by delta cells in the endocrine pancreas
• almost all aspects related to food ingestion stimulate somatostatin secretion
• main activities of somatostatin are to decrease gl activity and inhibit release of insulin an glucagon
• this causes an extended time for food to be absorbed an extends the use of absorbed nutrients by the tissues