PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY - INSULIN Flashcards
when is insulin therapy required?
-required in T1DM
-may be required in T2DM
how is insulin therapy administered?
injection (SQ, IV) - used in hospital settings
- only regular insulin can be given IV
why is insulin solution often run through tubing?
can bind to plastic IV tubing to is often run through tubing for a period of time before attaching to pt
why can insulin not be given orally?
it is destroyed in the GI tract
insulin is primarily produced by?
recombinant DNA technology to be identical to human insulin or modified to alter pharmacokinetics
intensive treatment of T10 through:
-basal/bolus insulin regimens or CSII
-CBG checks
-meal planning
people that have almost normal glucose would expect what percentage of reduction in risk of progressing retinopathy neuro/nephropathy after 8-9 years?
50-75%
what provides basal insulin?
intermediate or LONG ACTING insulin analogue given once or twice a daily
what provides bolus insulin?
rapid or SHORT acting insulin analogue given at each meal
why are insulin aspart and lispro (both short acting) important?
for continuous SQ infusion, both of these were shown to be superior to regular insulin by improving post prandial glycemic control and reducing hypoglycaemia.
what can hypoglycaemia lead to?
seizures, coma and confusion
how to teach about insulin?
care and use of insulin, prevention, recognition and Tx of hypoglycaemia, what to do when sick, adjustments for food intake (less carbs/food) and physical activity and CBG
