Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Soc > The Self > Flashcards

The Self Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

self-concept

A

the way in which a person perceives or thinks about themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

existential self

A

part of the self-concept that gives a sense of being consistent and unique from others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

categorical self

A

part of the self-concept that gives a sense of one’s own qualities in relationship to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

humanistic psychology

A

approach to studying thoughts and behavior
originally proposed by Carl Rogers
focuses on free will and the drive for self-actualization
based on the idea that all people are good and driven by the conscious desire to improve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

self-image

A

the view an individual has of themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

self-esteem

A

sense of respect that one holds for themselves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ideal self

A

person or set of qualities that an individual strives to become

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

social identity theory

A

idea of explaining self-concept that describes how a person views themselves personally and socially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

personal identity

A

part of the self-concept that describes a person’s unique inner qualities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

social identity

A

part of the self-concept that describes a person’s relationship with others, the groups they are a part of, and their role in the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

categorization

A

natural tendency of individuals to group others based on their physical and personality characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

identification

A

tendency of an individual to behave in a way that fits the category they have put themselves in
can influence a person’s actions and self esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

social comparison

A

the natural tendency to evaluate oneself or one’s groups in relation to others and other groups
often influences self-esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

self-efficacy

A

sense of confidence in one’s capabilities and ability to succeed in a given situation
having a high level of this results in strong interests, commitment and resilience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mastery of experience

A

the way in which practice and successful completion of a task in the past influences self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

social modeling

A

learning mechanism that involves observing the actions of others
this can contribute to self-efficacy when another person of equal capabilities is observed successfully completing a task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

social persuasion

A

verbal encouragement or discouragement that affects self-efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

social influence

A

the way in which interactions with others affects an individual’s thoughts, behaviors, and emotions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

imitation

A

form of social behavior that involves copying the behavior of others
requires knowledge of the separation of the self and others
can be exhibited only 12-21 days after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

mirror neurons

A

specific cells in the brain that respond in the same way to others performing a task as they do in the individual actually performing a task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

roles

A

form of social behavior in which an individual alters their behavior based on the expectation that they have regarding that specific context and social norms

22
Q

social norms

A

standards for acceptable behavior in a certain situation around certain people
often unwritten and unstated, but based on the internalized moral guidelines of the group

23
Q

reference group

A

group that an individual refers to in evaluating themselves, or a group the individual aspires to be like, typically based on their beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors

24
Q

culture

A

shared beliefs, behaviors, and characteristics of a society

25
Q

socialization

A

the lifelong process of learning to interact with others and how to behave within social norms

26
Q

preparatory stage

A

the first step in social development
according to George Herbert Mead
children interact with others through imitation

27
Q

play stage

A

second step in social development according to Mead

children are focused on taking the perspectives of the others to engage in pretend play

28
Q

game stage

A

the last step in social development according to Mead
a person learns to consider the attitudes and beliefs of the generalized other, not just the people closest to them
individuals in this stage learn that people have multiple roles and often behave based on what society expects of them

29
Q

generalized other

A

personification of society’s expectations

when someone tries to imagine what is expected of them, they take on this perspective

30
Q

me

A

part of a person’s self-concept that is how they believe the generalized other sees them
this is also known as the social self and is often seen as more passive than the self-concept of I

31
Q

I

A

part of the person’s self concept that describes the person’s response and thoughts about the social self
often seen as more active than the self-concept of me

32
Q

George Herbert Mead

A

proposed three stages: preparatory stage, play stage, and game stage
perspectives in terms of generalized other vs I/me where me is more passive and I is more active

33
Q

looking glass self

A

idea proposed by Charles Cooley
describes how a person’s self concept develops in terms of how they believe others think of them
requires that the person thinks about how they appear to others, how they think others evaluate them, and a re-evaluation of themselves based on this

34
Q

social psychology

A

study of intrapersonal interactions, including individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behavior during these intractions

35
Q

situational approach to behavior

A

method of explaining actions that focuses on the impact of the environment and external factors on these actions

36
Q

attribution

A

inference about the causes of events or behaviors

37
Q

attribution theory

A

idea that people tend to explain their behavior and the behavior of others in terms of the perceived causes of the behavior
involves deciding if a behavior had external influences, internal influences, or both

38
Q

external (situational) attribution

A

explanation of the causes of a person’s behavior that focuses on the influence of the current environment
involves evaluating a behavior as distinctive from behavior in other situations and as similar to how others behave in that situation

39
Q

internal (dispositional) attribution

A

explanation of the causes of a person’s behavior that focuses on the influence of personality or intrinsic factors
involves evaluating a behavior as consistent across situations within an individual

40
Q

covariation model

A

idea that consistency, distinctiveness and consensus play a role in attributions of behavior
the more consistent a behavior is performed by an individual in a variety of environments, the more likely it is to be assumed to have an internal attribution; the more consensus there is regarding a behavior in a certain environment, the more likely it is to be assumed as having external attribution

41
Q

fundamental attribution error

A

the tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on another person’s behavior
tends to be higher in individualist societies

42
Q

actor-observer bias

A

tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on another person’s behavior and external factors on one’s own behavior, especially regarding to failures

43
Q

individualist cultures

A

societies that place a large influence on the achievements and needs of singular people rather than on the group as a whole
this includes many societies in North America and Europe
societies with this ideology tend to overestimate the influence of internal factors on success and external factors on failure

44
Q

collectivist cultures

A

societies that place a large influence on the achievements and needs of the group over the individual
includes many societies in Asia and Africa
societies with this ideology tend to overestimate the influence of external factors on success and internal factors on failure

45
Q

self-serving bias

A

tendency to overestimate the influence of internal factors on success and external factors on failure in order to protect one’s self esteem
more prevalent in individualist cultures

46
Q

impression management

A

way in which people alter their behavior in order to influence the perceptions of other people around them

47
Q

dramaturgy

A

process through which people attempt to control others’ perceptions of them

48
Q

dramaturgical approach

A

theory proposed by Erving Goffman that describes how people manage the impressions they make on others
often compared to actors in a performance setting

49
Q

front stage

A

actions and behaviors that are visible to others

50
Q

back stage

A

private actions and behaviors that are not visible to others and often allow a person to be ready for their interactions with others

MCAT Psych/Soc (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions