Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Soc > Psychoactive Drugs > Flashcards

Psychoactive Drugs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

psychoactive drug

A

chemical compound capable of altering consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

depressant

A 
class of psychoactive drug that has sedative effects on the nervous system
decreases processing speed, heart rate, blood pressure, arousal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

barbiturate

A

depressant that affects the central nervous system and can be used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures
causes negative side effects, habit forming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

benzodiazepine

A

depressant that increases the effects of GABA in the CNS and can be used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and seizures
lower addiction potential than barbiturates and is more commonly prescribed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

short/intermediate acting benzodiazepine

A

benzodiazepine that is used to treat insomnia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

long acting benzodiazepine

A

benzodiazepine that is used to treat anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alcohol

A

depressant

lowers inhibition, slows sympathetic nervous system, inhibits REM sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hallucinogen

A

class of psychoactive drug that causes perceptual distortions of reality and experiences of sensations that are not present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

LSD

A

hallucinogen that affects serotonin transmission and causes mostly visual hallucinations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

psilocybin

A

hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PCP

A

hallucinogen that is made synthetically and causes analgesic as well as hallucinogenic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

marijuana (THC)

A

mild hallucinogen that relieves pain and nausea, increases perceptual sensitivity, decreases inhibition and motor skills, and causes lethargy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

opiate

A

a class of psychoactive drug that causes analgesic effects by acting on receptors for endorphins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

morphine

A

an opiate obtained from the opium plant that is prescribed for its strong analgesic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heroin

A

opiate obtained from the processing of morphine that is highly addictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

opioid

A

opiate made synthetically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stimulant

A

class of psychoactive drug that increases nervous system activity, heart rate, blood pressure and arousal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

caffeine

A

stimulant that is found naturally in coffee, tea, and cocoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

amphetamine

A

stimulant that can be highly addictive and cause intense changes in mood, or be prescribed to treat ADHDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

methamphetamine

A

type of amphetamine that increases dopamine levels resulting in temporary euphoria, highly addictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MDMA (ecstasy)

A

type of amphetamine that causes effects of a stimulant and a hallucinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cocaine

A

stimulant that blocks the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
temporarily increases the levels of these 3 neurotransmitters, and subsequently depletes the body’s reserves of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

nicotine

A

a stimulant that increases heart rate, blood pressure, decreases appetite, and is found in cigarettes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

homeostasis

A

ability to maintain a consistent internal environment despite environmental changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

drug dependence

A

repeated use of a drug that results in the body adjusting and expecting the presence of that drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

overdose

A

quantity of a drug that can cause death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

oral route of drug entry

A

intake of a drug through the mouth

effects of a drug taken in this way take about 30 minutes to feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

inhalation route of drug entry

A

intake of a drug through snorting or breathing in

effects of a drug taken in this way take about 10 seconds to feel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

injection route of drug entry

A

intake of drugs through a needle or tube directly into a vein
effects are felt nearly instantaneously

30
Q

transdermal route of drug entry

A

intake of drugs through absorption into the skin (eg nicotine patches)

31
Q

intramuscular injection route of drug entry

A

intake of drugs through a needle places in the muscle (eg epipens)

32
Q

reward pathway

A

dopaminergic circuit in the brain that responds to naturally positive stimuli such as food, social interactions, and sex
includes the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus

33
Q

4 elements of the reward pathway

A

amygdala - emotion
nucleus accumbens - motor
hippocampus - memory
ventral tegmental area (VTA) - dopamine

34
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

part of the brain that controls motor functions and is part of the reward pathway

35
Q

hippocampus

A

part of the brain responsible for creating new memories

36
Q

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

A

part of the brain where dopamine is synthesized and sent to other parts of the brain as part of the reward pathway

37
Q

dopamine

A

type of neurotransmitter that is used in the reward pathway and its levels are often affected by addictive drugs

38
Q

serotonin

A

neurotransmitter associated with relaxation, pleasure, and satiation
levels decrease during the activation of the reward pathway

39
Q

prefrontal cortex

A

part of the brain responsible for attention, planning, and decision making

40
Q

tolerance

A

repeated use of a drug that causes a person to need more for the same effect, typically through the blocking of receptors that are affected by that drug

41
Q

withdrawal

A

set of symptoms that occur when stopping drug use

42
Q

substance induced disorders

A

problems caused by drug use including withdrawal, psychosis, and substance induced mood disorder

43
Q

substance induced mood disorder

A

mania or depression due to the continued use of drugs

44
Q

psychosis

A

state of disconnect from reality, characterized by hearing or seeing things and false beliefs

45
Q

substance use disorder

A

drug use that impairs daily functioning

46
Q

detoxification

A

part of drug addiction treatment that involves abstinence from the drug and removing all toxins from the body

47
Q

methadone

A

drug given to help treat symptoms of withdrawal from opioids by acting as an agonist on the same receptors as the opioids

48
Q

cognitive behavioral therapy

A

long-lasting, effective type of psychological treatment that aims to create more positive thought patterns and teaches the patient to identify and avoid problematic situations

49
Q

motivational interviewing (motivational enhancement therapy)

A

type of psychological treatment that aims to resolve ambivalence in the patient so they want to change and will meet their goals

50
Q

group meetings for drug addiction (12-step recovery process)

A

includes 1. acceptance (acknowledgment of a problem) 2. surrender (person accepts help offered by a group or higher power) 3. active involvement (person begins to contribute to the group through sponsoring someone else and speaking in meetings)

51
Q

relapse

A

returning to drug use after a period of abstinence from it

depends on addictive potential of the drug and encounters with triggering environmental cues

52
Q

attention

A

selective concentration on a stimulus or set of stimuli while ignoring other perceptible stimuli

53
Q

divided attention

A

concentration on multiple stimuli at one time

54
Q

selective attention

A

concentration on a single stimulus at one time

55
Q

exogenous cues to attention

A

stimuli that naturally cause focus to be redirected towards them (eg loud or bright stimuli)
example: pop-out effect

56
Q

pop-out effect

A

idea that one different looking visual cue will be noticed in a set of similar visual cues

57
Q

endogenous cues to attention

A

stimuli that can cause focus to be redirected towards them because of some internal knowledge or intention
examples include hearing your name or following an arrow

58
Q

inattentional blindness

A

failure to perceive stimuli that are not being consciously attended to

59
Q

change blindness

A

failure to perceive a difference between a current and previous state

60
Q

shadowing task (dichotic listening task)

A

method of studying selective attention that requires the participant to repeat the auditory stimuli that come in through one earphone and ignore the stimuli that come in from the other earphone

61
Q

attended channel

A

stream of information that the participant is told to focus on in a shadowing task

62
Q

unattended channel

A

stream of information that the participation is told not to focus on in a shadowing task

63
Q

Broadbent’s Early Selection Theory

A

idea that all stimuli come in through a sensory register and only some stimuli pass through a selective filter to go through perceptual processing and have meaning assigned

64
Q

cocktail party theory

A

the idea that a person can selectively attend to a particular stimuli while ignoring other stimuli
this ability allows a person to hold a conversation during a noisy event and redirect their attention to their name being said from across the room

65
Q

Deutsch and Deutsch’s Late Selection Theory

A

idea that all stimuli are sensed and assigned meaning before being selectively filtered for conscious awareness

66
Q

Treisman’s Attenuation Theory

A

all stimuli are sensed and an attenuator weakens the unattended stimuli, but does not fully eliminate them
meaning is assigned after this initial filtering

67
Q

spotlight model of attention

A

object in focus is seen with high acuity, and the objects or scene around it are perceived in a much cruder fashion

68
Q

priming

A

effect that a previously presented stimulus has on the perception and response to another through subconscious influence

69
Q

resource model of attention

A

we have a limited amount of focus that can be applied to a given task or tasks
task similarity, task difficulty, and practice all influence our ability to divide attention and multitask

70
Q

controlled processes

A

tasks that require selective attention, cannot be performed with divided attention

71
Q

automatic processes

A

tasks that can be completed with divided attention

related to practicing of the task

MCAT Psych/Soc (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions