Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MCAT Psych/Soc > Mental Disorders Part I > Flashcards

Mental Disorders Part I Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
MCAT flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

mental disorder

A

condition that affects thought patterns, moods, or behaviors and leads to distress or impaired functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

biomedical approach to mental disorders

A

way of studying and treating conditions of the mind that focuses on physical abnormalities and causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

biopsychosocial approach to medical disorders

A

way of studying and treating conditions of the mind that examines physical, physiological, and social/cultural factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

IDC-10

A

International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision

system of classifying and describing mental disorders produced by the World Health Organization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DSM 5

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
method of classifying and describing mental disorders produced by the American Psychiatric Association
started differentiating between disorders based on neurobiological causes rather than just symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

top level category

A

largest classifications in the DSM 5, based on shared clinical symptoms and neurobiological causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

neurodevelopmental disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders that result from an abnormally developed nervous system
usually present from birth
eg intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

A

top level category in the dsm 5
mental disorders characterized by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, or negative symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

schizophrenia

A

mental disorder caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors as well as high levels of dopamine
characterized by delusions, hallucinations, isolations, and flat affect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

delusion

A

fixed belief that cannot be changed through logic and cannot be reasonably explained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

hallucinations

A

imagined sensations or perceptions that seem real but occur without the appropriate expected stimuli for the perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

effects of psychosis that result in abnormal thought patterns
examples include disorganized thinking, inability to plan, or memory dysfunction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

effects of psychosis that result in a decrease from normal function or mood
examples include anhedonia or lack of motivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

effects of psychosis that result in increased sensation

hallucinations and delusions are examples

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

prodrome

A

period of time before the onset of schizophrenia when some symptoms such as delusions, paranoia, or abnormal behaviors are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

biological basis of schizophrenia

A

abnormalities in the brains of people with schizophrenia including larger ventricles, reduced amount of brain tissue, thinner cortex (especially in the frontal and temporal lobes), abnormal layering in the cortex, and elevated dopamine levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

A

part of the brain where dopamine is synthesized and sent to other parts of the brain as part of the reward pathway (mesocorticolimbic pathway)
abnormalities in this area of the brain have been linked to schizophrenia and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bipolar and related disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by abnormal and fluctuating moods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mental illness that is characterized by abnormal, extreme moods and fluctuation of mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bipolar 1 disorder

A

mental illness characterized by periods of full manic states and depressive states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

bipolar 2 disorder

A

mental illness that is characterized drastic fluctuations of mood, but without entering a full manic state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mania

A

period of abnormally elevated mood and affect, often marked by delusions, poor judgment, and difficulty maintaining attention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

hypomania

A

period of abnormally elevated mood and affect that does not significantly impair function
this is not severe or threatening to the person’s safety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

depressive disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that negatively affect mood and cause a decreased ability to feel pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mood

A

relatively long-lasting emotional state, usually characterized by one dominant emotion

26
Q

affect

A

the way in which a mood or emotional state is displayed to others

27
Q

depression

A

pervasive disorder characterized by long-term low mood, lack of energy, decreased focus, thoughts of helplessness and low self-esteem
sleep and weight are commonly affected

28
Q

biological factors of depression

A

set of innate factors that can contribute to the onset of depression, including a genetic predisposition, decreased neuronal activity in the reward system and prefrontal cortex, lowered levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, and increased levels of stress hormones

29
Q

5HTTLP

A

gene associated with depression

but only appears to be correlated with depression if the people with this gene are in stressful environments

30
Q

limbic system

A

network in the brain situated on top of the brain stem
heavily involved in the processing of emotions, behavior, and long-term memory
abnormally high levels of activity in this area of the brain have been linked to depression

31
Q

raphe nuclei

A

grouping of cell bodies in the brainstem that produce serotonin and send projections to many parts of the cerebrum
abnormalities of this area of the brainstem have been linked to depression

32
Q

locus coeruleus

A

grouping of cell bodies in the brainstem that produce norepinephrine and send projections to many parts of the cerebrum
abnormalities of this area of the brainstem have been linked to depression

33
Q

neuroplasticity

A

ability of neuronal connections to change in number or strength over time based on their usage
abnormalities in this function might be linked to depression

34
Q

abnormalities in these might be linked to depression

A

limbic system
raphe nuclei
locus coeruleus
neuroplasticity

35
Q

psychological factors of depression

A

ways of thinking that may contribute to depression

includes learned helplessness, ruminating on negative thoughts, and pessimistic attributional style

36
Q

learned helplessness

A

lost ability to identify stressors and pursue coping mechanisms, due to repeated inability to cope with stressors adequately

37
Q

pessimistic attributional style

A

way of explaining events that occur in the most negative way possible
this method looks at negative events as internally caused, stable, and global, and looks at positive events in the opposite manner

38
Q

sociocultural factors of depression

A

ways in which the environment plays a role in depression
these explain why someone is more likely to be depressed if those around them are depressed, if they are of low socioeconomic status, or if they are socially isolated

39
Q

co-rumination

A

repeated discussion of, or fixation on, negative events between peers
this behavior may explain the increased likelihood of depression in people around depressed people

40
Q

anxiety disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders that are characterized by excessive worrying or fear
eg phobias and generalized anxiety disorder

41
Q

generalized anxiety disorder

A

mental disorder that causes a constant state of excessive worrying or tenseness that lasts for six months or more
affects women more than men

42
Q

panic disorder

A

anxiety disorder characterized by sudden, relatively short periods of intense fear that are associated with shortness of breath and increased blood pressure

43
Q

phobias

A

type of anxiety disorder characterized by irrational, excessive fear of a specific object or situation

44
Q

obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by irrational, excessive fear of a specific object or situation

45
Q

obsessions

A

repeated, unwanted thoughts

46
Q

compulsions

A

actions that a person feels they must complete over and over, often related to an obsession

47
Q

trauma and stressor related disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders that result from mentally distressing experiences
eg PTSD

48
Q

post traumatic stress disorder

A

mental disorder caused by a distressing experience that has a lingering memory, affecting daily life
recurring nightmares, insomnia, or haunting memories are common

49
Q

dissociative disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by loss of memory or knowledge of identity

50
Q

somatic symptom disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders characterized by a person experiencing one or more physical ailments that may not have a clear biological cause

51
Q

feeding and eating disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders that are characterized by a maladaptive relationship with food
eg anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

52
Q

elimination disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by an inability to control urination or the elimination of feces

53
Q

sleep-wake disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders that are characterized by altered circadian rhythm and sleep patterns
eg insomnia, apneas, and sleep walking

54
Q

sexual dysfunctions

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by abnormalities or inabilities in performing sexual acts

55
Q

gender dysphoria

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by distress caused by the feeling that the wrong gender was assigned at birth

56
Q

disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are characterized by excessive anger or aggression

57
Q

substance use and addictive disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that are the result of drug use

58
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders characterized by degeneration of the brain
eg dementia or delirium

59
Q

personality disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5
mental disorders that are characterized by rigid, maladaptive patterns of behavior
three clusters of disorders in this group

60
Q

paraphilic disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders characterized by distress due to sexual arousal in abnormal contexts

61
Q

other disorders

A

top level category in the DSM 5

mental disorders that don’t fit in any other category

62
Q

20 top level categories in the DSM 5

A 
neurodevelopmental disorders
schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders
bipolar and related disorders
depressive disorders
anxiety disorders
OCD and related disorders
trauma and stressor related disorders
dissociative disorders
somatic symptom disorders
feeding and eating disorders
elimination disorders
sleep-wake disorders
sexual dysfunctions
gender dysphoria
disruptive, impulse control, and conduct disorders
substance use and addictive disorders
neurocognitive disorders
personality disorders
paraphilic disorders
other disorders

MCAT Psych/Soc (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions