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MCAT Psych/Soc > Audition > Flashcards

Audition Flashcards

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1
Q

audition

A

the sense that allows us to hear

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2
Q

sound wave

A

alternating areas of high and low pressure that require a medium, such as air, to travel through

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3
Q

frequency

A

the characteristic of a sound wave that describes how often the waves repeat

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4
Q

hair cell

A

receptor found in the cochlea that allows for the perception of sound

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5
Q

hair bundle

A

a collection of filaments at the top of a hair cell

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6
Q

kinocilium

A

singular filament in the hair bundle of a hair cell

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7
Q

tip link of a hair cell

A

the small filaments that connect the kinocilium of the hair cells to each other and pull open potassium channels when stretched

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8
Q

spiral ganglion cell

A

the type of cell that receives a signal from a hair cell and transmits it towards the brain

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9
Q

outer ear

A

the part of the ear that can be seen from the outside (contains the pinna, external auditory meatus)

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10
Q

pinna

A

structure of the outer ear that is cartilaginous and funnels sound in

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11
Q

auditory canal (external auditory meatus)

A

tube that connects the pinna to the tympanic membrane

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12
Q

middle ear

A

contains three bones (malleus, incus, stapes) as well as the tympanic membrane

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13
Q

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

A

membrane in the middle ear that vibrates in response to sound

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14
Q

malleus

A

the first bone of the middle ear that connects the tympanic membrane and incus to help transmit vibrations

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15
Q

incus

A

second bone of the middle ear that connects the malleus to the stapes to help transmit vibrations

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16
Q

stapes

A

the last bone of the middle ear that connects the incus to the oval window to help transmit vibrations

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17
Q

inner ear

A

deepest part of the ear which contains the cochlea and semicircular canals

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18
Q

oval (elliptical) window

A

membrane in the inner ear which vibrates in response to the movement of the stapes in order to transmit sound into the cochlea

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19
Q

cochlea

A

spiral shaped structure of the inner ear that contains the sensory receptors for sound

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20
Q

organ of Corti

A

structure inside of the cochlea that contains hair cells and supporting cells

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21
Q

basilar membrane

A

membrane in the cochlea with varying sensitivity to vibration that allows hair cells at different locations on it to detect different frequencies of sound

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22
Q

tectorial membrane

A

membrane inside the cochlea that interacts with the kinocilium of the hair cells

23
Q

apex of the cochlea

A

part of the cochlea that responds to lower frequency sounds

24
Q

base of the cochlea

A

part of the cochlea that responds to higher frequency sounds

25
Q

circular (round) window

A

membrane in the inner ear that vibrates in response to the movement of fluid in the cochlea

26
Q

auditory processing

A

the way the brain distinguishes and perceives sounds of different frequencies

27
Q

basilar tuning

A

idea that different portions of the basilar membrane respond to different frequencies of sound, allowing the brain to distinguish between them

28
Q

tonotopical mapping

A

idea that hair cells closer to the base of the cochlea respond to high frequency sounds and the hair cells closer to the apex respond to lower frequency sounds

29
Q

primary auditory cortex

A

region of the brain that receives the information from the cochlea
different portions of this region respond to different frequencies of sound

30
Q

auditory nerve

A

cranial nerve that contains the axons of hair cells and carries signals to the primary auditory cortex

31
Q

sensorineural hearing loss

A

deafness that results from the inability to transduce sound waves into neural impulses

32
Q

cochlear implants

A

surgically placed device fro treating sensorineural hearing loss

33
Q

receiver of a cochlear implant

A

sent a signal from the transmitter

34
Q

transmitter of a cochlear implant

A

part of the cochlear implant that receives electrical impulses from the speech processor and sends them to the receiver

35
Q

stimulator of a cochlear implant

A

tube in a cochlear implant that contains the microphone to take up sound and covert it to an electrical impulse

36
Q

somatosensation

A

method by which the body senses touch and positioning

37
Q

thermoception

A

sense that is responsible for the perception of temperature

38
Q

TrpV1

A

receptor that is sensitive to both pain and temperature because it senses chemicals released by broken cells

39
Q

mechanoreception

A

sense that is responsible for the perception of pressure

40
Q

A-B fibers

A

large diameter fibers that carry nerve impulses from touch receptors towards the brain
they are heavily covered in myelin and carry impulses the fastest

41
Q

nociception

A

sense that is responsible for the perception of pain

42
Q

A-D fibers

A

medium diameter fibers that carry nerve impulses from nociception and thermoception receptors towards the brain
covered in some myelin and carry impulses at an intermediate rate

43
Q

C fibers

A

small diameter fibers that carry nerve impulses from nociceptive receptors towards the brain
not covered in myelin and carry impulses the slowest

44
Q

proprioception

A

sense that is responsible for the perception of body positioning and balance, often unconsciously

45
Q

spindle receptor

A

senses contraction or stretch of muscles to help with sensing body positioning

46
Q

kinesthesia

A

sense that allows for the awareness of movement, often consciously

47
Q

non-adapting neuron

A

fires action potentials at a consistent rate in response to a constant stimulus

48
Q

slow-adaption neuron

A

very gradually decreases the frequency of action potentials in response to a constant stimulus

49
Q

fast-adapting neuron

A

only fires action potentials when a stimulus is first perceived and when the signal stops

50
Q

dermatomes

A

sections of the skin that are each innervated by a single specific spinal nerve

51
Q

somatosensory homunculus

A

representation of the body in the brain
refers to the idea that information from a certain part of the body will be processed in a certain portion of the somatosensory cortex

52
Q

sensory adaptation

A

process by which the response to a stimulus is downregulated

53
Q

sensory amplification

A

process by which the response to a stimulus is upregulated

MCAT Psych/Soc (23 decks)

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