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Criminal Behaviour > The Role of Personality in Criminal Behaviour > Flashcards

The Role of Personality in Criminal Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Eysenck’s Theory of Criminality ?

What’s covered in it ? (3)

A

Three dimensions everyone has in their personality but the range with which they are on each varies!

  • Extraversion
  • Neuroticism
  • Psychoticism
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2
Q

Eysenck’s Theory of Criminality ?

  • Extraversion
  • Neuroticism
  • Psychoticism
A
  1. very sociable out going
  2. emotional instability, anger, depression, moody(want a middle ground on this one)
  3. anti social personality; psychopathy
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3
Q

Explain the process leading up to criminal behaviour in the Eysenck’s Theory of Criminality ?(5)

A
  • Inherited Nervous system dysfunction
    L> temperament ( E, P and N) + Inadequate conditioning environment
    L> poorly developed conscience
    L> Criminal Behaviour
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4
Q

Explain the process leading up to criminal behaviour in the ETOC! (4)

A
  1. CNS and ANS are not properly regulating
  2. combined with differential profile of personality structure
  3. poor quality of learning social norms etc (emotional controls), ability to learn influences how well they can be conditioned
    L> degree of conditioning depends on temperament
  4. poorly developed conscience because of number 3 = no barriers from criminal behaviour
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5
Q 
Extraversion? Explain it ..GO
-characterized by? (3)
- lower levels of cortical arousal? 
- extraverts are influenced by?
L> introverts?
- criminality =? 
- high end 
- low end
A
  • impulsivity, excitability and sociability
  • lower levels of cortical arousal = increased need for stimulation and poor classical conditioning
  • extraverts are more influenced by rewards, while introverts are more responsive to punishment
  • criminality = depends on quality go conditioning in childhood and the child’s degree of condition ability.
  • love fun, a little danger is fun
  • reserved, socially quiet, reserved
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6
Q 
Neuroticism ? 
L> biological basis? 
L> habitual behaviours?
L> Criminality ?? 
- characteristics?
L>high
L> low
A
  • biological basis is in the ANS
  • acts as a natural drive that reinforces habitual behaviours
    L> easily aroused- try to keep life predictable to feel normal…habits can be pro/antisocial
  • Criminality- high neuroticism makes people ore persistent..crime becomes routine and is reinforced…high N can result in deficient social learning
  • very reactive to triggers, feel emotions more than normal people do…overactive, moody..low: emotionally stable not fluster easily..takes stress in strides
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7
Q 
Psychoticism ? 
L>high 
L> low
criminality?
If you're high in P you are _ in N
Biological issues?
A
  • High: hostility, insensitivity, unemotionality
  • Low: more tender, concerned for others, caring
  • criminality: makes a person tough minded and reduces sensitivity to guilt
  • low
  • high testosterone and low serotonin
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8
Q

Eysenck postulates what is likely to cause delinquency and criminal activities?

A
  • high extroversion, neuroticism and psychoticism
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9
Q

Five factor model and Crime? What does OCEAN stand for?

A
  • Openness to experience
  • Conscientiousness
  • Extroversion
  • Agreeableness
  • Neuroticism
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10
Q

Explain high and low Openness to experience!

A
  • high: very interested in learning new things, curious, nothing is set in stone
  • low: conservative, traditional ways, comfort zone of predictability
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11
Q

Explain high and low Conscientiousness !

A
  • high: reliable, responsible, achievement orientated, push over?
  • low: unreliable, disorganized and procrastinator
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12
Q

Explain high and low Extroversion !

A

same as before in the Eysenck model!

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13
Q

Explain high and low agreeableness!

A
  • high: team player, enjoy other people

- low: conflicted in relationships, somewhat hostile not caring of others

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14
Q

Explain high and low Neuroticism !

A
  • same as before in Eysenck model
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15
Q

Research and the OCEAN model and crime shows???

A
  • low A and low C = risk factor… low rational thinking and maybe high N
  • sometimes low O…in those with low IQ
  • sometimes low N but not always
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16
Q 
Antisocial Personality Disorder? 
issues with? 
long standing pattern of?
onset from? 
persistent pattern of? 
diagnosed ? 
characteristics?(12)
A
  • interpersonal emotional and behavioural issues
    -long standing pattern of personality issues
  • need a serious behaviour issue in childhood for onset
    L> conduct disorder before age 15
    L> persistent pattern of violation of social rules and rights of others since age 15
    >18 years of age
  • failure to conform to social norms, do not respect legal system, deceptive, alias, manipulation, impulsive, irritable and aggressive, reckless, thrill seeking, lack remorse, blame victims
17
Q

Antisocial Personality disorder is present in ___ of females and in ___ of males in the general population.
Represents - percent of adults in prison

A
  • 1 %, 3%

- 60-80%

18
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder : Burn out?HUH

A
  • around age 30

_ behaviour goes down, most personality traits are kept but at lower degrees

19
Q

Arobelda-Florez and Holley (1991) - Antisocial personality Disorder
think burnout

A
  • studies adult forensic psychiatric patients with APD

- crime rates lower after age 27but not a straightforward pattern…burn out supported via research

20
Q

Those diagnosed with APD may also have what disorders along with it?

A
  • depression, anxiety, substance abuse and impulse control disorders
21
Q

___% of those with Conduct Disorder go on to have APD as adults

A

40%

22
Q

Psychopathy:
Interpersonal Traits: (3)
Affective traits : (3)
Behavioural Traits: (4)

A
  • personality disorder tied to callous and uncaring behaviour
    1. egocentric, manipulative, deceptive
    2. no empathy or remorse, shallow emotions
    3. irresponsible, impulsive, need for stimulation , parasitic lifestyle
23
Q

Interpersonal Traits test for Psychopathy?

Dooping delight

A
  • you know the truth but they still try to lie because they enjoy it
24
Q

Affective traits test for Psychopathy
project images
norm vs psych

A
  • normal ppl seeing emotional images we see increased activity relative to neutral images….
    L> psychopaths..activity is the same in response to all rings
  • can recognize and mimic emotion but do not understand it
25
Q

Sociopath?

A
  • antisocial personality, driven by social world but psychopath is part bio part social
26
Q

Most Psychopaths meet the criteria for APD at >__% but most with APD are ___ psychopaths: __-__%

  • Most psychopaths are ___ serial killers ____ they necessarily extremely violent
  • __% of the population is estimated to be psychopathic
A
  • 90%, not, 10-25%
  • not, nor are
  • 1%
27
Q

Babiak coined what term for Psychopaths that are not engaging in criminal behaviour but are going after a similar feeling: lawyers, corporate, political, are all unethical BUT legal.

A
  • successful psychopath/ corporate or white collar
28
Q

Measuring Psychopathy?
- Hervey Cleckley (1941,1988) The mask of sanity
- Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R, Hare, 2003)
L> 2 Factors
L> Score range?
L> score = psychopath
Average Joe offender?

A
  • 16 characteristics
  • 20 items rated by clinician
  • Factor 1: interpersonal(manipulation) facet and affective facet(lack of emotion)
    -Factor 2: socially deviant lifestyle facet (irresponsibility, parasitic) and antisocial behavioural facet ( versatile crime, adolescence offending etc)
  • 0-40
  • 30 plus
    L> 26-32 : diff class of person
  • mid to low 20’s
29
Q

High psychopath traits increase the risk of what?(4)

A
  • versatile array of criminal offences
  • institutional violence especially verbal aggression
  • re-offending on release: faster rate, increased likelihood of violent recidivism and intimate partner violence
30
Q

Nature of violence differs from non psychopaths

ordinary vs psychopath

A

Ordinary offenders target people they know

- psychopaths target strangers and their motives are based on revenge or material/personal gain

31
Q

Burn out period and Psychopaths?

A
  • ~35 years old… a bit of one for criminal behaviour (antisocial) only for nonviolent offences, risk of violence stays steady.
    L> after burn out offending goes down to a normal level for the average offender…
32
Q

Language of a Psychopath??

A
  • rational, cause and effect descriptors, justified, it had to be down type thing…Focus on material needs (parasitic) does not talk about social needs, all about themselves. Difficulty remembering events very emotional..
33
Q

Self report tests and psychopaths?

A
  • items on it seem more attractive to psychopath type people than normal general population
34
Q

International picture?

Scotland vs Canada - Psychopaths

A

scotland has less than us

Criminal Behaviour (20 decks)

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