Sexual Offending Behaviour Flashcards
Correctional Code of Canada: Statutory Consent Exceptions:
L> What are the three ?
1.12-13 year old:
->other party is no more than 2 years older
->no authority or dependency.
2. 14-15 year old:
-> Other party is no more than five years older
-> no authority or dependence
3. not a case of sexual exploitation
-> other party is not in a position of trust, authority or dependency
——————————————————————————
Even if consent was given, it is against the law!
Non-consensual Sexual Activity:
- Correctional Code of Canada- No consent when what six things are occurring?
- Agreement is expressed by a third party
- Complainant is incapable of consenting
- Accused abused a position of trust, power or authority to induce consent.
- Complainant expresses non-agreement
- Complainant may have consented, but expressed a desire not to continue
- Must be at least 16 years of age to legally consent to sexual activity.
Sexual Offences in Canada:
- List the nine sexual offences in Canada.
- Sexual Assault (with weapon, causing bodily harm, or aggravated)
- Sexual Interference
- Invitation to Sexual Touching
- Sexual Exploitation
- Incest
- Bestiality
- Anal Intercourse (unless in private between 2 consenting adults >18)
- Making, possessing, accessing child pornography
- Electronic communication with the intent of luring to commit a sexual offence.
About __% of kids have ha psychological problems a year after being abused.
- 70%
Before 1993, the term “sexual assault” was allowing many crimes to what? What was the definition at the time?
- slip through the cracks because of the definition of the term
- def: can rape wife but not others.
Sexual Offences in Canada:
- Sexual interference?
- Invitation to Sexual Touching
- Incest ?
- touching via sexual purpose or using an object that is unwanted. Usually children are in involved in these cases.
- Offenders in a place of authority/ trust *not mutually exclusive
- sex with blood/biological relations.
Sexual Offences in Canada:
- Bestiality ?
- Anal Intercourse
- 10 years max sentence, any kind of animal or forcing a person to do this.
- illegal act if not consenting, can be a separate charge WITH sexual assault.
Most perpetrators of sexual offences are __ at 98% and most victims are ___ at 82%.
- male
- female
The majority of victims of sexual offences are under the age of 18 years old. What is the stat that goes with this statement?
- 62%
The rate of male victimization is higher in children under ___ years old. (_%)
- 12
- 31%
What is the most common sexual offence?
- invitation to sexual touching
Classic study by Abel et al.(1987)
- what is the average rapist victim rate?
- female victim-molester= average victim rate is what?
- Male-victim-molester= what is the average victim rate?
- 7 victims
- 20 victim avg
- 150 victim average
- child victims
The stats are fairly high for average victim rate for males with molester….what might be the cause of this?
Outliers in the male sample but those that offend against males have a higher risk of re-offending and also the more diverse in victim selection the larger the victim list they will have before being caught.
Community samples:
-% of men admit to sexually assaulting women or children.
- 10-20%
Sexual offending behaviour is multi-faceted and multi-determined. What does this statement mean?
- they may have different causal roots and pathways for different forms of sexual offending.
Sexual Deviant Arousal?
- sexually aroused via not appropriate stimuli
ex: violence, kids etc
Sexual Deviant Arousal
L> Psychodynamic Explanation?
L> Behavioural Explanation?
- poor development in psychosexual development.
- pairing between sexual pleasure and deviant activities
L> disrupted attachments
Courtship Disorders?(hypothesis)
there is a species-typical courtship process in human males consisting of four phases, and anomalies in different phases result in one of these paraphilic sexual interests.
Sexual Deviant Arousal:
- Penile Plethysmograph ??
- measures the amount of blood flow to the penis
- with sexual offenders it is used to determine the level of sexual arousal as the subject is exposed to sexually suggestive pictures, movies or audio.
- not valid with adolescences
- no concrete with rapists
What can the results of the Penile Plethysmograph indicate?
- deviant:normal arousal
- determines victimization preferences = age, sex, level of violence etc.
- Not relevant to everyone b/c for some its not the arousal that is important to them but it could be power etc
What are the four major problem areas (factors) associated with sexual offending?
- Cognitive distortions: minimization, rationalization
- Empathy: distorted for victims of own crimes
- Social skills: intimacy seeking deficits
- Substance Abuse: reduces inhibitions
What is minimization in sexual offending?
- errors in thinking
- minimization on harm to victims
- thinking they are showing love not HARM.
What is rationalization in sexual offending?
- giving them candy after or misinterpreting child’s actions/victim
Explain the empathy factor associated with Sexual offending?
- do not see the harm, do not care, just a means to an end in some.
L> Child molesters have empathy to other offenders victims but not their own.
Personal Sexual Victimization??
- high prevalence of personal sexual victimization among perpetrators of sex crimes (40-60%)
- Only 12% if child victims of sex crimes go on to engage in sexual offending
- those that have experienced sexual abuse do not go on to offend! (11.6% went on to offend)
Traditional Criminogenic Needs:
who are these more relevant to?
- more relevant to non-sexual offending behaviour than to sexual offending behaviour.
Classification of Sexual Deviancy:
-Clinical Perspective: DSM-5
L> Paraphilic Disorder?(2)
L> cause the person to experience personal distress about their interest
OR
L> cause another person’s psychological distress, injury, death or desire for sexual behaviours involving unwilling persons or persons unable to give legal consent.
When is a Paraphilic disorder diagnosed?
- when interest is shown but there is an absence of action!
What are the 8 Paraphilic disorders? Explain each.
- Exhibitionistic : flashing
- Voyeuristic: watching someone
- Fetishistic: sexual arousal for a non-living object or a part of the body
- Frotteuristic: interest in rubbing ones pelvis or erect penis against a non consenting person for sexual gratification.
- Pedophilic: sexual desires for children
- Sexual Sadism: sexual arousal for causing pain or humiliation
- Sexual Masochism: sexual arousal for being caused pain or humiliation
- Transvestic: sexual arousal from wearing cloths of the opposite sex.
