Chapter 1 : Additional info from text

Question 1

Intra-individual differences?

Answer 1

variations in criminal conduct within an individual across time and situations.

Question 2

Inter-individual differences?

Answer 2

variations in criminal conduct between individuals

Question 3

Crime desistance?

Answer 3

the phenomenon of decreased criminal activity

Question 4

Personal, Interpersonal and Community Reinforcement Model (PIC-R)

Answer 4

crim behaviour reflects the immediate situation in that factors combine to influence a decision to engage in crime. Which is further influenced by attitudes supportive of crime, history of crim behaviour a balance of costs and rewards for crime and the presence of social support.

Question 5

Cognitive-Social learning theory of crime?

Answer 5

social and cognitive factors as well as behaviour contributing to crime……PIC-R

Question 6

Criminal behaviour definition?

Answer 6

intentional behaviour that violates a criminal code; intentional in that it did not occur by accident or without justification of excuse.

Question 7

Meta-analysis?

Answer 7

uses statistics to aggregate results of an individual study and develop one averaged effect size for all the studies combined….comparison…aka can directly compare studies that use diff statistics..

Question 8

Effect size?

Answer 8

provides information about the magnitude of the difference

Question 9

Receiver Operating Characteristic ( ROC)?

Answer 9

measures the accuracy of risk assessment by examining false positives and true positives across decision thresholds.

Question 10

Risk factors that can change are called____? Those that cannot be changed ____?

Answer 10

1. dynamic risk factors

2. static

Question 11

Criminogenic?

Answer 11

major risk factors..

empirically related to criminal conduct and when reduced lower risk of re-offending.

Question 12

Alcohol is related to what kinds of crime?

Drugs are related to?

Answer 12

inter-personal conflict aka assault…homicide..

acquisitive violence…aka robbery..

Question 13

Components of the CSI?

Answer 13

incarceration rate and average mean length of the prison sentence given…updated every five years.

Question 14

Characteristic of treatment orientated individuals?

Answer 14

those that are supportive of less punitive sentencing…

Question 15

Prison sentencing for females is ______ compared to males

Answer 15

less

Question 16

Shorter sentences in relation to treatment and assessment?

Answer 16

higher chance of reoffendng…

those that are sentenced 12 months and above are at a lower risk…