The Respiratory System Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of passages in the respiratory system?
A
Transport air to and from the lungs
2
Q
What is the function of air sacs in the respiratory system?
A
Exchange gas between atmosphere and body cells
3
Q
What is the function of the respiratory system?
A
Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
4
Q
What is the nose made of?
A
Bone and cartilage
5
Q
What is a nostril (nare)?
A
An entrance for air
6
Q
What is the nasal cavity?
A
The space posterior to the nose
7
Q
What does the nasal septum do?
A
Divides the nasal cavity medially
8
Q
What is the nasal chonchae?
A
A system of curled bones from the wall of the nasal cavity
9
Q
What does the nasal chonchae divide?
A
The nasal cavity into passageways
10
Q
What does the nasal chonchae increase the surface area of?
A
The mucous membrane
11
Q
What is the function of the mucous membrane?
A
Filter, warm, and moisten incoming air
12
Q
What are paranasal sinuses?
A
Airfilled spaces in the skull that open into the nasal cavity
13
Q
What organ of the respiratory system reduced the skull weight?
A
Paranasal sinuses
14
Q
What are the paranasal sinuses lined with?
A
A mucous membrane
15
Q
What is the pharynx also known as?
A
The throat
16
Q
Where is the pharynx located and what does it house?
A
Posterior to the mouth and houses the tonsils
17
Q
What is the pharynx a passageway for?
A
Food and air
18
Q
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
A
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx
19
Q
Where is the nasopharynx located?
A
At the back of the nostrils
20
Q
Where is the Oropharynx located?
A
The middle section, back of the throat
21
Q
Where is the laryngopharynx located?
A
Above the larynx
22
Q
What is the larynx also known as?
A
The voice box
23
Q
What does the larynx connect?
A
The trachea and pharynx
24
Q
What does the larynx house?
A
Vocal cords
25
What is the larynx composed of?
Muscle and cartilage bound by elastic tissue
26
What are the two largest cartilage areas in the larynx?
The thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage
27
What is the cricoid cartilage?
The lowest portion of the larynx, ring-shaped
28
How is the thyroid cartilage shaped?
It is shield like
29
What is the laryngeal prominence also called?
The Adam's apple
30
What does the respiratory system include?
Passages and air sacs
31
What are your vocal folds?
Ligaments of elastic fibers, one pair
32
What color do vocal folds appear as?
White because there are no blood vessels
33
What is a pitch (tone) controlled by?
Contracting and relaxing laryngeal muscles
34
What is intensity (loudness)?
Force of air over vocal folds
35
What is the function of false vocal folds?
Help close glottis
36
Where are false vocal folds located?
Superior to vocal folds
37
Are false vocal folds involved in sound?
No
38
What is the glottis?
An opening between vocal folds
39
When the glottis is closed what does it prevent?
Food from entering the trachea
40
Where do muscles close the glottis at?
False vocal folds
41
What is the epiglottis?
A flap like structure attached to the glottis that allows air to enter the larynx
42
What is the trachea also known as?
The windpipe
43
What is the trachea?
Flexible tube that is made of c shaped rings, Hyline cartilage, smooth muscle, and connective tissue
44
Where is the trachea located?
In front of the esophagus
45
What is the trachea lined with?
Mucous membranes and goblet cells that secrete mucus
46
What is the function of the trachea?
Trap particles and move them away from lungs
47
What are the lungs in closed by?
The diaphragm and thoracic cavity
48
What are the lungs surrounded by?
A double layer of serous membrane
49
What is the visceral pleura attached to?
The surface of the lung
50
What is the parietal pleura attached to?
On the wall of the thoracic cavity
51
What is the plural cavity?
A very small gap between the layers of the serous membrane on the lungs that are filled with serous fluid
52
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3
53
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2
54
How many alveoli are in the lungs?
300 million
55
What are alveoli?
Saclike structures made of simple squamous epithelium surrounded by a capillary network in the lungs
56
What is the function of alveoli?
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
57
What is coughing?
A long deep inhale followed by a strong exhale
58
What does coughing do?
Clears foreign bodies from the larynx, pharynx, and epiglottis
59
What is sneezing?
A spasmodic contraction of muscles or exhalation
60
Why do we sneez?
Irritation of nasal mucosa
61
What is hiccuping?
Hey spasmodic contraction of diaphragm followed by spasmodic closure of the larynx
62
Why do we hiccup?
Irritation of sensory nerve endings of the G.I. tract
63
What is crying?
Inhalation followed by a release in a short exhalations
64
What vibrates when we cry?
Vocal cords?
65
What is yawning?
A deep inhale, jaws wide open
66
When we yawn what does it ventilate?
Alveoli
67
What are the 6 non respiratory air movements?
Coughing, sneezing, hiccuping, crying, laughing, and yawning
68
What are the two types of gas exchange?
External respiration and internal respiration
69
What type of gas exchange does external respiration involve?
Blood and lungs
70
What type of gas exchange does internal respiration involve?
Tissue/blood
71
What is air?
A mixture of gases
72
What does alveoli provide for gas exchange?
A large surface area
73
What controls gas concentrations?
The rate and depth of breathing
74
During external respiration where does oxygen diffuses from?
Alveoli into capillaries
75
During external respiration where does carbon dioxide diffuses from?
Capillaries into alveoli
76
What is internal respiration determined by?
Rate of metabolism of cells that consume in produce oxygen and carbon dioxide
77
Where does oxygen diffuse from during internal respiration?
Capillaries into interstitial fluid to body cells
78
Where does carbon dioxide diffuses from during internal respiration?
Cells into interstitial fluid to systemic capillaries
79
What are the two ways oxygen is carried by blood?
They bind to hemoglobin or dissolved in blood plasma
80
What is hypoxia?
Insufficient oxygen delivery to body tissues
81
How many milliliters of carbon dioxide do body cells produce each minute?
200 mL
82
What percent of oxygen binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells?
98.5%
83
What percent of oxygen is dissolved in blood plasma?
1.5%
84
What are the three ways blood transports carbon dioxide?
Dissolved in plasma, chemically bonded to hemoglobin, as part of a bicarbonate ion in plasma
85
What percent of carbon dioxide is dissolved in plasma?
1.7%
86
What percent of carbon dioxide is chemically bonded to hemoglobin?
2.23%
87
What percent of carbon dioxide is a part of a bicarbonate ion plasma?
3.7%
88
What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
An irreversible decrease in ability to force air out of lungs
89
What diseases are included and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?
Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
90
What are symptoms of COPD?
History of smoking, coughing, frequent pulmonary infections, respiratory failure, and dyspnea
91
What is dyspnea?
Labored breathing that progressively gets worse
92
What is hypoventilation?
Respiratory failure
93
What is emphysema?
Permanent enlargement of alveoli and destruction of alveolar wall
94
What happens to the lungs in emphysema?
The lungs loose elasticity
95
In emphysema, bronchioles _______ during inspiration and _______ during expiration.
Open, collapse
96
During emphysema what structure traps large volumes of air in alveoli?
The bronchioles
97
What COPD disease leads to a barrel chest?
Emphysema
98
What is chronic bronchitis?
Inhaled irritants that lead to excessive mucus production
99
In chronic bronchitis, what becomes inflamed?
Mucous membrane in lower respiratory passageways
100
What is tuberculosis?
An Infectious bacterial disease spread by coughing and inhaling infected air
101
How much of the worlds population is infected with tuberculosis?
1/3
102
Why don't most people develop active tuberculosis?
Immune responses
103
What are the symptoms of tuberculosis?
Fever, night sweats, weight loss, racking cough, coughing up blood
104
What is the treatment for tuberculosis?
12 months of antibiotics
