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Anatomy > The Blood > Flashcards

The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What plasma protein is the most abundant?

A

Albumin

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2
Q

What 4 proteins are produced by the liver?

A

Albumin, alpha and beta globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin

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3
Q

What are the 4 plasma proteins?

A

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of globulin plasma proteins?

A

Alpha & beta globulins and gamma globulins

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5
Q

What plasma protein maintains plasma osmotic pressure?

A

Albumin

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6
Q

What plasma protein transports steroids?

A

Albumin

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7
Q

What plasma protein transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins?

A

Globulins

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8
Q

Why plasma proteins are produced in the lymphatic system?

A

Gamma globulins

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9
Q

What plasma protein is a type of antibody?

A

Gamma globulin

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10
Q

What plasma protein aids in blood clotting?

A

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

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11
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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12
Q

What kind of discs are red blood cells??

A

Biconcave

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13
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen and minor transport carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What do red blood cells contain and what are they composed of?

A

They contain hemoglobin and are composed of protein (globin) and red heme (Fe) pigments

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15
Q

What does each hemoglobin carry?

A

8 oxygen atoms

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16
Q

What is hemoglobin called when it gets to the lungs?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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17
Q

What hormone controls RBC formation?

A

EPO

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18
Q

What is EPO released by?

A

Kidneys

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19
Q

What is is required in order for RBC formation to happen?

A

Vitamin B 12 and iron (Fe)

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20
Q

What is the number of RBC maintained by?

A

Negative feedback

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21
Q

What do microphages do?

A

Engulf old/damaged cells in spleen, liver, and red bone marrow

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22
Q

What is hemoglobin broken down into?

A

Heme and globin

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23
Q

What is globin reduced to?

A

Amino acids

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24
Q

What is iron removed from and where is the transported to?

A

Removed from heme and transported to liver

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25
Q

What is the rest of the heme converted into?

A

A pigment called bilirubin

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26
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

Protect against pathogens, toxins, and cancer cells

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27
Q

Where are white blood cells formed and by what?

A

They are formed in red bone marrow by hemoblasts

28
Q

Where are most white blood cells located?

A

Lymphatic organs

29
Q

What are the 2 classes of WBC?

A

Granulocytes and agranulocytes

30
Q

How big are granulocytes?

A

Twice the size of RBC

31
Q

What class of white blood cells have a short life span?

A

Granulocytes

32
Q

What are the 3 kinds of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

33
Q

What type of granulocytes are the most numerous?

A

Neutrophils

34
Q

What color are neutrophils and how many lobed nucleus do they have?

A

They are light purple and have 3 to 6 lobed nucleus

35
Q

What is the function of neutrophils?

A

Fight bacterial infections

36
Q

What kind of granulocyte has a bi lobed nucleus?

A

Eosinophils

37
Q

What color are Eosinophils?

A

Red/ orange

38
Q

What is the function of Eosiniphils?

A

Lesson allergic reactions and attack parasitic worms

39
Q

What color are basophils?

A

Deep Blue/purple

40
Q

What type of granulocyte migrates to damage tissues?

A

Basophils

41
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Release histamine and heparin

42
Q

What is histamine?

A

A vasodilator

43
Q

What is heparin?

A

Anticoagulant (inhibits blood clotting)

44
Q

What type of white blood cell has granular cytoplasm?

A

Granulocytes

45
Q

What type of white blood cell has no cytoplasmic granules?

A

Agranulocytes

46
Q

What are the two kinds of agranulocyte?

A

Monocytes and lymphocytes

47
Q

What is the largest blood cell?

A

Monocytes

48
Q

How are monocytes nucleus shaped and what color cytoplasm do they have?

A

They are kidney shaped nucleus and have blue cytoplasm

49
Q

What time of agranulocytes leave the bloodstream to become macrophages?

A

Monocytes

50
Q

What is the function of monocytes?

A

Phagocytosis of foreign particles and debris

51
Q

What kind of nucleus do lymphocytes have?

A

They are large and round

52
Q

How long do lymphocytes live for?

A

Many years

53
Q

What are the two types of lymphocytes?

A

T cells and B cells

54
Q

What is the function of T cells?

A

Defend against viruses and tumor cells and manage immune response

55
Q

What is the function of B cells?

A

Produce anti-bodies

56
Q

What is having a low white blood cell count called?

A

Leukopenia

57
Q

What diseases involve having a low white blood cell count

A

Typhoid, flu, measles, mumps, chickenpox, aids

58
Q

What is having a high white blood cell count called?

A

Leukocytosis

59
Q

What happens because of having leukocytosis?

A

Acute infections, vigorous exercise, loss of body fluids

60
Q

What are fragments of large bone marrow cells?

A

Megakaryocytes

61
Q

Where are blood platelets formed in?

A

Red bone marrow

62
Q

What is the function of blood platelets

A

Hope form blood clots in torn blood vessels

63
Q

What are blood platelet also called?

A

Thrombocytosis

64
Q

What is agglutination?

A

Clumping of red blood cells in response to a reaction between an anti-body in antigen

65
Q

What are antigens?

A

A chemical that stimulates cells to produce antibodies

66
Q

What are anti-bodies?

A

A protein that reacts against a specific antigen

Anatomy (18 decks)

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