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The Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What plasma protein is the most abundant?

A

Albumin

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2
Q

What 4 proteins are produced by the liver?

A

Albumin, alpha and beta globulins, fibrinogen, and prothrombin

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3
Q

What are the 4 plasma proteins?

A

Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and prothrombin

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of globulin plasma proteins?

A

Alpha & beta globulins and gamma globulins

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5
Q

What plasma protein maintains plasma osmotic pressure?

A

Albumin

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6
Q

What plasma protein transports steroids?

A

Albumin

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7
Q

What plasma protein transports lipids and fat soluble vitamins?

A

Globulins

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8
Q

Why plasma proteins are produced in the lymphatic system?

A

Gamma globulins

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9
Q

What plasma protein is a type of antibody?

A

Gamma globulin

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10
Q

What plasma protein aids in blood clotting?

A

Fibrinogen and prothrombin

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11
Q

What is another name for red blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes

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12
Q

What kind of discs are red blood cells??

A

Biconcave

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13
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transport oxygen and minor transport carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What do red blood cells contain and what are they composed of?

A

They contain hemoglobin and are composed of protein (globin) and red heme (Fe) pigments

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15
Q

What does each hemoglobin carry?

A

8 oxygen atoms

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16
Q

What is hemoglobin called when it gets to the lungs?

A

Oxyhemoglobin

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17
Q

What hormone controls RBC formation?

A

EPO

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18
Q

What is EPO released by?

A

Kidneys

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19
Q

What is is required in order for RBC formation to happen?

A

Vitamin B 12 and iron (Fe)

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20
Q

What is the number of RBC maintained by?

A

Negative feedback

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21
Q

What do microphages do?

A

Engulf old/damaged cells in spleen, liver, and red bone marrow

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22
Q

What is hemoglobin broken down into?

A

Heme and globin

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23
Q

What is globin reduced to?

A

Amino acids

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24
Q

What is iron removed from and where is the transported to?

A

Removed from heme and transported to liver

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25
What is the rest of the heme converted into?
A pigment called bilirubin
26
What is the function of white blood cells?
Protect against pathogens, toxins, and cancer cells
27
Where are white blood cells formed and by what?
They are formed in red bone marrow by hemoblasts
28
Where are most white blood cells located?
Lymphatic organs
29
What are the 2 classes of WBC?
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
30
How big are granulocytes?
Twice the size of RBC
31
What class of white blood cells have a short life span?
Granulocytes
32
What are the 3 kinds of granulocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
33
What type of granulocytes are the most numerous?
Neutrophils
34
What color are neutrophils and how many lobed nucleus do they have?
They are light purple and have 3 to 6 lobed nucleus
35
What is the function of neutrophils?
Fight bacterial infections
36
What kind of granulocyte has a bi lobed nucleus?
Eosinophils
37
What color are Eosinophils?
Red/ orange
38
What is the function of Eosiniphils?
Lesson allergic reactions and attack parasitic worms
39
What color are basophils?
Deep Blue/purple
40
What type of granulocyte migrates to damage tissues?
Basophils
41
What is the function of basophils?
Release histamine and heparin
42
What is histamine?
A vasodilator
43
What is heparin?
Anticoagulant (inhibits blood clotting)
44
What type of white blood cell has granular cytoplasm?
Granulocytes
45
What type of white blood cell has no cytoplasmic granules?
Agranulocytes
46
What are the two kinds of agranulocyte?
Monocytes and lymphocytes
47
What is the largest blood cell?
Monocytes
48
How are monocytes nucleus shaped and what color cytoplasm do they have?
They are kidney shaped nucleus and have blue cytoplasm
49
What time of agranulocytes leave the bloodstream to become macrophages?
Monocytes
50
What is the function of monocytes?
Phagocytosis of foreign particles and debris
51
What kind of nucleus do lymphocytes have?
They are large and round
52
How long do lymphocytes live for?
Many years
53
What are the two types of lymphocytes?
T cells and B cells
54
What is the function of T cells?
Defend against viruses and tumor cells and manage immune response
55
What is the function of B cells?
Produce anti-bodies
56
What is having a low white blood cell count called?
Leukopenia
57
What diseases involve having a low white blood cell count
Typhoid, flu, measles, mumps, chickenpox, aids
58
What is having a high white blood cell count called?
Leukocytosis
59
What happens because of having leukocytosis?
Acute infections, vigorous exercise, loss of body fluids
60
What are fragments of large bone marrow cells?
Megakaryocytes
61
Where are blood platelets formed in?
Red bone marrow
62
What is the function of blood platelets
Hope form blood clots in torn blood vessels
63
What are blood platelet also called?
Thrombocytosis
64
What is agglutination?
Clumping of red blood cells in response to a reaction between an anti-body in antigen
65
What are antigens?
A chemical that stimulates cells to produce antibodies
66
What are anti-bodies?
A protein that reacts against a specific antigen

Anatomy (18 decks)

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