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Anatomy > Skeletal Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscle has the greatest stretch?

A

Smooth

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2
Q

What are the 3 layers that strengthen skeletal muscle?

A

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

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3
Q

Muscle tension

A

A force exerted on a single muscle fiber

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4
Q

Isometric contractions

A

Muscle tension doesn’t move the load

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5
Q

Isotonic contractions

A

Muscle tension moves the load and the muscle shortens

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6
Q

What are the properties of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity

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7
Q

What is the all or none rule

A

All muscles in a motor unit contract and relax together

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8
Q

What does the total strength of contraction depend on?

A

The size of motor units

The number of motor units activated at a time

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9
Q

What is twitch muscle contraction?

A

Brief contraction of all muscle fibers in a motor unit from a single action potential

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10
Q

What is the latent period of a muscle twitch? (2msec)

A

When the action potential is propagated

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11
Q

What is the contraction period of a muscle twitch? (10-100 msec)

A

During cross bridging

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12
Q

What is the relaxation period of a muscle twitch? (10-100 msec)

A

Calcium ions are transported back to SR

contractile force decreases

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13
Q

Name the 6 patterns of muscle shapes.

A 
Parallel
Convergent
Pennate
Circular
Spiral
Fusiform
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14
Q

What is the shape of a parallel pattern and name an example

A

Evenly spaced, attached to a tendon the same width as the muscle
Strap like appearance
Ex: sartorious in thigh

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15
Q

What is the shape of a convergent pattern and name an example.

A

Broad muscle tapers to a single tendon

Ex: pectoralis in chest

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16
Q

What is the shape of a pennate pattern and name an example.

A

Muscle resembles a feather
Fascicles attach to a tendon at an angle
Ex: rectus femoris in thigh

17
Q

What is the shape of a circular pattern and name an example.

A

Muscle encircles a structure

Ex: orbicularis oculi of eye

18
Q

What is the shape of a spiral pattern and name an example.

A

Muscle wraps around the bone or twisted appearance

Ex: supinator in forearm

19
Q

What is the shape of a fusiform pattern and name an example.

A

A muscle is thicker In The middle and is tapered at ends

Ex: biceps brachii

20
Q

What does the agonist do?

A

Provides the most force for movement and it’s usually the largest muscle

21
Q

What does the antagonist do?

A

Lies at the opposite side of a joint from the agonist and it slows the motion

22
Q

What does the synergist do and who do the work with?

A

The work with the agonist and provide additional support to guide movement

23
Q

What do fixators do?

A

Hold a bone in place and make movement more efficient to reduce the risk of an injury

24
Q

What causes carpal tunnel syndrome and what can you do to treat it?

A

Caused by damage due to irritation of median nerve in wrist

Treatment: surgery or anti-inflammatory drugs

25
Q

What causes muscular dystrophy and what can you do to treat it?

A

Caused by progressive degeneration and weakening of muscles
The fibers are replaced with fat and CT
Can be genetic
Treatment: inject muscles with immature muscle cells that produce dystrophin

26
Q

What is myasthenia gravis and what can you do to treat it?

A

It is when the immune system mistakenly produces antibodies that destroy ACh receptors
Treatment: drugs that inhibit the enzyme that digests ACh

27
Q

What causes fibromyalgia and what are its symptoms?

A

Cause is not known yet

Symptoms: pain, tenderness and stiffness of muscles. There is also inflammation

28
Q

What is a spasm?

A

Sudden involuntary muscle contraction

29
Q

What is a cramp

A

Strong and painful spasm of the leg and foot

30
Q

What are facial tics?

A

Periodic spasms

31
Q

What is a strain?

A

Stretching or tearing of a muscle

32
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Twisting of a joint that damages muscles, tendons, ligaments, and blood vessels

Anatomy (18 decks)

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