The Endocrine System Flashcards
What endocrine glands are located in the neck and anterior surface of the trachea?
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
What endocrine glands are located on the superior surface of the kidney?
Adrenal glands
What gland is located on the abdominopelvic region?
Pancreas
What are the functions of the endocrine system?
Chemical composition in volume of interstitial fluid, metabolism and energy balance, contraction of smooth/ cardiac muscle, glandular secretions, operation of reproductive systems, control growth and development
What does the endocrine system consist of?
Endocrine glands and secreting cells in organs
What do hormones do?
Diffuse from interstitial fluid to bloodstream and eventually to other cells called target cells
What does ‘site specific’ mean?
Glands that only except one type of hormone
What are specific receptors?
Proteins or glycoproteins
What are the two types of hormones?
Non-steroid and steroid
Are non-steroid hormones water soluble or lipid soluble?
Water soluble
Are steroid proteins are water soluble or lipid soluble?
Lipid soluble
What endocrine Glands are located in the brain?
Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary
Name examples of non-steroid hormones.
Amines, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins
Name examples of steroid hormones.
Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, nitric oxide(NO)
What are steroid hormones transported in the blood by?
Transport proteins
How do steroid hormones get to their target cell
They diffuse through the cell membrane( lipid bilayer) and bind to receptors within the target cell
What are all steroid hormones derived from?
Cholesterol
What hormone takes longer to act and has longer effects?
Steroid hormones
What are non-steroid hormones composed of?
Amino acids
What are non-steroid hormones not able to diffuse through?
A lipid bilayer
What do non-steroid hormones bind to?
Receptors on the target cell surface
What hormone acts faster and the effects are shorter?
Non- steroid hormones
Does the release of hormones occur in short or fast bursts?
Short
What does the regulation of secretion prevent?
overproduction and underproduction
What are hormonal secretions controlled by?
Signals from the nervous system, chemical changes in blood, and other hormones
What are hormonal secretions controlled by?
The negative feedback system
What does the hypothalamus controls the release of?
The pituitary gland hormones
What gland/structure is a link between the nervous and endocrine system
The hypothalamus
What gland synthesizes at least nine hormones?
Hypothalamus
What is the pituitary gland divided into?
The anterior lobe and posterior lobe
What attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
Infundibulum
What do anterior pituitary hormones do?
Synthesize and secrete hormones for body activities
What are the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary lobe stimulated by?
Releasing hormones
What does suppressing hormone production in the anterior pituitary lobe use?
Inhibiting hormones
What is the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone?
The human growth hormone
The anterior pituitary lobe promotes synthesis and secretion of small proteins. What do they stimulate?
Protein synthesis, maintain muscle and bone mass, help in healing and tissue repair, and Help break down fats
Do the posterior pituitary hormones synthesize hormones?
No
What is the function of posterior pituitary hormones?
Store and release hormones stored in neurosecretary cells
Name 2 neurosecretary cells
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
What is oxytocin involved in?
Oxytocin
What does the antidiuretic hormone do?
Decrease urine production and cause kidney to retain water
What does the amount of urine secreted in the kidneys vary with?
Blood osmotic pressure
What is dehydration?
Increase blood osmotic pressure and decreased blood volume
When ADH is released what does it cause?
Kidneys to retain water, sweat glands to decrease water loss, arterioles to constrict and increase blood pressure, and return to homeostasis
What happens if you have an excess water intake?
Decreased blood osmotic pressure, increased blood volume
What happens when ADH is not released?
Kidneys retain less water and increased urine output, sweat glands increase water loss, arterioles Woden and decrease BP, and return to homeostasis
