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Anatomy > The Endocrine System > Flashcards

The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What endocrine glands are located in the neck and anterior surface of the trachea?

A

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

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2
Q

What endocrine glands are located on the superior surface of the kidney?

A

Adrenal glands

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3
Q

What gland is located on the abdominopelvic region?

A

Pancreas

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4
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A

Chemical composition in volume of interstitial fluid, metabolism and energy balance, contraction of smooth/ cardiac muscle, glandular secretions, operation of reproductive systems, control growth and development

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5
Q

What does the endocrine system consist of?

A

Endocrine glands and secreting cells in organs

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6
Q

What do hormones do?

A

Diffuse from interstitial fluid to bloodstream and eventually to other cells called target cells

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7
Q

What does ‘site specific’ mean?

A

Glands that only except one type of hormone

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8
Q

What are specific receptors?

A

Proteins or glycoproteins

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9
Q

What are the two types of hormones?

A

Non-steroid and steroid

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10
Q

Are non-steroid hormones water soluble or lipid soluble?

A

Water soluble

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11
Q

Are steroid proteins are water soluble or lipid soluble?

A

Lipid soluble

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12
Q

What endocrine Glands are located in the brain?

A

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary

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13
Q

Name examples of non-steroid hormones.

A

Amines, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins

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14
Q

Name examples of steroid hormones.

A

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, nitric oxide(NO)

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15
Q

What are steroid hormones transported in the blood by?

A

Transport proteins

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16
Q

How do steroid hormones get to their target cell

A

They diffuse through the cell membrane( lipid bilayer) and bind to receptors within the target cell

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17
Q

What are all steroid hormones derived from?

A

Cholesterol

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18
Q

What hormone takes longer to act and has longer effects?

A

Steroid hormones

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19
Q

What are non-steroid hormones composed of?

A

Amino acids

20
Q

What are non-steroid hormones not able to diffuse through?

A

A lipid bilayer

21
Q

What do non-steroid hormones bind to?

A

Receptors on the target cell surface

22
Q

What hormone acts faster and the effects are shorter?

A

Non- steroid hormones

23
Q

Does the release of hormones occur in short or fast bursts?

A

Short

24
Q

What does the regulation of secretion prevent?

A

overproduction and underproduction

25
Q

What are hormonal secretions controlled by?

A

Signals from the nervous system, chemical changes in blood, and other hormones

26
Q

What are hormonal secretions controlled by?

A

The negative feedback system

27
Q

What does the hypothalamus controls the release of?

A

The pituitary gland hormones

28
Q

What gland/structure is a link between the nervous and endocrine system

A

The hypothalamus

29
Q

What gland synthesizes at least nine hormones?

A

Hypothalamus

30
Q

What is the pituitary gland divided into?

A

The anterior lobe and posterior lobe

31
Q

What attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

A

Infundibulum

32
Q

What do anterior pituitary hormones do?

A

Synthesize and secrete hormones for body activities

33
Q

What are the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary lobe stimulated by?

A

Releasing hormones

34
Q

What does suppressing hormone production in the anterior pituitary lobe use?

A

Inhibiting hormones

35
Q

What is the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone?

A

The human growth hormone

36
Q

The anterior pituitary lobe promotes synthesis and secretion of small proteins. What do they stimulate?

A

Protein synthesis, maintain muscle and bone mass, help in healing and tissue repair, and Help break down fats

37
Q

Do the posterior pituitary hormones synthesize hormones?

A

No

38
Q

What is the function of posterior pituitary hormones?

A

Store and release hormones stored in neurosecretary cells

39
Q

Name 2 neurosecretary cells

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

40
Q

What is oxytocin involved in?

A

Oxytocin

41
Q

What does the antidiuretic hormone do?

A

Decrease urine production and cause kidney to retain water

42
Q

What does the amount of urine secreted in the kidneys vary with?

A

Blood osmotic pressure

43
Q

What is dehydration?

A

Increase blood osmotic pressure and decreased blood volume

44
Q

When ADH is released what does it cause?

A

Kidneys to retain water, sweat glands to decrease water loss, arterioles to constrict and increase blood pressure, and return to homeostasis

45
Q

What happens if you have an excess water intake?

A

Decreased blood osmotic pressure, increased blood volume

46
Q

What happens when ADH is not released?

A

Kidneys retain less water and increased urine output, sweat glands increase water loss, arterioles Woden and decrease BP, and return to homeostasis

Anatomy (18 decks)

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