The Endocrine System

Question 1

What endocrine glands are located in the neck and anterior surface of the trachea?

Answer 1

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 2

What endocrine glands are located on the superior surface of the kidney?

Answer 2

Adrenal glands

Question 3

What gland is located on the abdominopelvic region?

Answer 3

Pancreas

Question 4

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Answer 4

Chemical composition in volume of interstitial fluid, metabolism and energy balance, contraction of smooth/ cardiac muscle, glandular secretions, operation of reproductive systems, control growth and development

Question 5

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 5

Endocrine glands and secreting cells in organs

Question 6

What do hormones do?

Answer 6

Diffuse from interstitial fluid to bloodstream and eventually to other cells called target cells

Question 7

What does ‘site specific’ mean?

Answer 7

Glands that only except one type of hormone

Question 8

What are specific receptors?

Answer 8

Proteins or glycoproteins

Question 9

What are the two types of hormones?

Answer 9

Non-steroid and steroid

Question 10

Are non-steroid hormones water soluble or lipid soluble?

Answer 10

Water soluble

Question 11

Are steroid proteins are water soluble or lipid soluble?

Answer 11

Lipid soluble

Question 12

What endocrine Glands are located in the brain?

Answer 12

Hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary

Question 13

Name examples of non-steroid hormones.

Answer 13

Amines, peptides, proteins, glycoproteins

Question 14

Name examples of steroid hormones.

Answer 14

Steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, nitric oxide(NO)

Question 15

What are steroid hormones transported in the blood by?

Answer 15

Transport proteins

Question 16

How do steroid hormones get to their target cell

Answer 16

They diffuse through the cell membrane( lipid bilayer) and bind to receptors within the target cell

Question 17

What are all steroid hormones derived from?

Answer 17

Cholesterol

Question 18

What hormone takes longer to act and has longer effects?

Answer 18

Steroid hormones

Question 19

What are non-steroid hormones composed of?

Answer 19

Amino acids

Question 20

What are non-steroid hormones not able to diffuse through?

Answer 20

A lipid bilayer

Question 21

What do non-steroid hormones bind to?

Answer 21

Receptors on the target cell surface

Question 22

What hormone acts faster and the effects are shorter?

Answer 22

Non- steroid hormones

Question 23

Does the release of hormones occur in short or fast bursts?

Answer 23

Short

Question 24

What does the regulation of secretion prevent?

Answer 24

overproduction and underproduction

Question 25

What are hormonal secretions controlled by?

Answer 25

Signals from the nervous system, chemical changes in blood, and other hormones

Question 26

What are hormonal secretions controlled by?

Answer 26

The negative feedback system

Question 27

What does the hypothalamus controls the release of?

Answer 27

The pituitary gland hormones

Question 28

What gland/structure is a link between the nervous and endocrine system

Answer 28

The hypothalamus

Question 29

What gland synthesizes at least nine hormones?

Answer 29

Hypothalamus

Question 30

What is the pituitary gland divided into?

Answer 30

The anterior lobe and posterior lobe

Question 31

What attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?

Answer 31

Infundibulum

Question 32

What do anterior pituitary hormones do?

Answer 32

Synthesize and secrete hormones for body activities

Question 33

What are the secretion of hormones in the anterior pituitary lobe stimulated by?

Answer 33

Releasing hormones

Question 34

What does suppressing hormone production in the anterior pituitary lobe use?

Answer 34

Inhibiting hormones

Question 35

What is the most abundant anterior pituitary hormone?

Answer 35

The human growth hormone

Question 36

The anterior pituitary lobe promotes synthesis and secretion of small proteins. What do they stimulate?

Answer 36

Protein synthesis, maintain muscle and bone mass, help in healing and tissue repair, and Help break down fats

Question 37

Do the posterior pituitary hormones synthesize hormones?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

What is the function of posterior pituitary hormones?

Answer 38

Store and release hormones stored in neurosecretary cells

Question 39

Name 2 neurosecretary cells

Answer 39

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

Question 40

What is oxytocin involved in?

Answer 40

Oxytocin

Question 41

What does the antidiuretic hormone do?

Answer 41

Decrease urine production and cause kidney to retain water

Question 42

What does the amount of urine secreted in the kidneys vary with?

Answer 42

Blood osmotic pressure

Question 43

What is dehydration?

Answer 43

Increase blood osmotic pressure and decreased blood volume

Question 44

When ADH is released what does it cause?

Answer 44

Kidneys to retain water, sweat glands to decrease water loss, arterioles to constrict and increase blood pressure, and return to homeostasis

Question 45

What happens if you have an excess water intake?

Answer 45

Decreased blood osmotic pressure, increased blood volume

Question 46

What happens when ADH is not released?

Answer 46

Kidneys retain less water and increased urine output, sweat glands increase water loss, arterioles Woden and decrease BP, and return to homeostasis