The Digestive System Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
The largest serous membrane in the body in the abdominal cavity
What does the mesentery do?
Binds the small intestine to abdominal wall
What does the parietal peritoneum line?
The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity
What does the visceral peritoneum line?
Some other organs in the digestive system
What is the peritoneal cavity?
A space between the two layers of the peritoneum that is filled with serous fluid
How many milliliters does the pancreas produce a day?
1200-1500mL
What does the pancreatic duct do?
Connects the pancreas with the small intestine
What is the function of the pancreas?
Secrete pancreatic juice
What does pancreatic amylase digest?
Carbohydrates
What does pancreatic lipase digest?
Fats
What does trypsin digest?
Proteins
What does nuclease break down?
Nucleic acid
What two other substances does the pancreas also secrete?
Water and sodium bicarbonate
What are the five functions of the liver?
Maintain, store, blood filtration, detoxification, production of bile
What is the function of the mouth?
Mechanical digestion and begin chemical digestion
What is bolus?
When the tongue and teeth reduce food to soft flexible masses
What is the function of the salivary glands?
Secrete saliva
What is the largest salivary gland?
Parotid glands
Where are the parotid glands located?
Interior to the ears
Where are the submandibular glands located?
The floor of the mouth or around the molars
What do the submandibular glands secrete?
A thicker fluid with mucus
Where are the sublingual glands located?
Beneath the tongue
What is the function of the pharynx?
A passageway for food and air
What does the pharynx contain?
Sense receptors for swallowing
What is the function of the esophagus?
Move, moisten and lubricate food
What sphincter does the esophagus contain and where is it located?
Esophageal sphincter that is located between the esophagus and stomach
What do sphincters prevent?
Regurgitation
What is a sphincter?
A group of circular muscle fibers that remain contracted
Name the six digestive system basic processes in order.
Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation
What is peristalsis?
Coordinated contractions of muscularis layer of the GI tract that moves food along it.
What is the stomach capacity and how long is it?
1 L capacity in 20 to 30 cm long
When the stomach is empty how big is it?
The size of a large sausage
What are the inner lining think folds call in the stomach?
Rugae
What is the function of the stomach?
Mix food with gastric juice, initiate digestion of proteins, carry on limited absorption, bolus converted to chyme
What does the fundus region of the stomach do?
It is a temporary storage area and sometimes fills with swallowed air
Where is the pyloric sphincter located?
Between the stomach and small intestine
What does the pyloric sphincter control?
Gastric emptying
What does gastric juice contain?
Pepsin, mucus, HCl
What is the function of gastric juice?
Break down proteins
What three secretory cells do the gastric glands contain?
Mucus cell, chief cell, parietal cell
What does the mucous cell do?
Secrete mucus and protect stomach lining
What do chief cells do?
Secrete pepsinogen that form into the enzyme pepsin
What does pepsinogen do?
Break down proteins
What do parietal cells do?
Secrete HCl solution and intrinsic factor
What does the intrinsic factor do?
Aid in vitamin B 12 absorption
If you’re more hungry what is secreted more?
Gastric juice
What does bile aid in?
Fat digestion
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store bile and release it into small intestine through the common bile duct
What do the circular folds in the small intestine do?
Increase surface area for absorption
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
What does the ileocecal sphincter join?
The large and small intestine
What are intestinal villi?
Fingerlike projections of musoca covered with microvilli
What are microvilli?
Absorptive of cells with enzymes in them
What is the function of intestinal villi?
Increase surface area of intestine for absorption
Where are intestinal glands located?
Between bases of villi
What is the function of intestinal glands?
Secrete large volumes of intestinal juice (water and mucous)
What are intestinal enzyme secreted by?
Epithelial cells in villi
What does peptidase do?
Break peptides into amino acids
What does sucrase maltase and lactase do?
Breakdown disaccharides into monosaccharides
What does intestinal Lipase do?
Splits fats into fatty acids and glyceral
Are there villi in the large intestine?
No
What part of the digestive system forms and stores feces?
The large intestine
What is defecating?
Emptying rectum
What is haustra?
Pouches of colon caused by a contraction of colon muscles
What is the Cecum?
The beginning of the large intestines that is pouchlike
What is the appendix attached to?
cecum
What is the anus?
Opening to outside of body
What is the anus aided by?
Internal and Extertal anal sphincters
What is intestinal flora?
Activity of bacteria
What do intestinal flora produce?
Some B and K vitamins
What do intestinal flora ferment and what do they release?
Ferment remaining carbs and release hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gases
What is feces?
Production of chyme after 3 to 10 hours in colon after water absorption
What does feces contain?
Undigested food, water, electrolytes, mucus, shut intestinal cells, and bacteria
What do the parotid glands secrete?
A watery fluid with Amylase
What do sublingual glands secrete?
Thickest fluid
