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The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

The largest serous membrane in the body in the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What does the mesentery do?

A

Binds the small intestine to abdominal wall

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3
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

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4
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

Some other organs in the digestive system

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5
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A space between the two layers of the peritoneum that is filled with serous fluid

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6
Q

How many milliliters does the pancreas produce a day?

A

1200-1500mL

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7
Q

What does the pancreatic duct do?

A

Connects the pancreas with the small intestine

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8
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Secrete pancreatic juice

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9
Q

What does pancreatic amylase digest?

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

What does pancreatic lipase digest?

A

Fats

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11
Q

What does trypsin digest?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What does nuclease break down?

A

Nucleic acid

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13
Q

What two other substances does the pancreas also secrete?

A

Water and sodium bicarbonate

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14
Q

What are the five functions of the liver?

A

Maintain, store, blood filtration, detoxification, production of bile

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15
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

Mechanical digestion and begin chemical digestion

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16
Q

What is bolus?

A

When the tongue and teeth reduce food to soft flexible masses

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17
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A

Secrete saliva

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18
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid glands

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19
Q

Where are the parotid glands located?

A

Interior to the ears

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20
Q

Where are the submandibular glands located?

A

The floor of the mouth or around the molars

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21
Q

What do the submandibular glands secrete?

A

A thicker fluid with mucus

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22
Q

Where are the sublingual glands located?

A

Beneath the tongue

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23
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

A passageway for food and air

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24
Q

What does the pharynx contain?

A

Sense receptors for swallowing

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25
What is the function of the esophagus?
Move, moisten and lubricate food
26
What sphincter does the esophagus contain and where is it located?
Esophageal sphincter that is located between the esophagus and stomach
27
What do sphincters prevent?
Regurgitation
28
What is a sphincter?
A group of circular muscle fibers that remain contracted
29
Name the six digestive system basic processes in order.
Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation
30
What is peristalsis?
Coordinated contractions of muscularis layer of the GI tract that moves food along it.
31
What is the stomach capacity and how long is it?
1 L capacity in 20 to 30 cm long
32
When the stomach is empty how big is it?
The size of a large sausage
33
What are the inner lining think folds call in the stomach?
Rugae
34
What is the function of the stomach?
Mix food with gastric juice, initiate digestion of proteins, carry on limited absorption, bolus converted to chyme
35
What does the fundus region of the stomach do?
It is a temporary storage area and sometimes fills with swallowed air
36
Where is the pyloric sphincter located?
Between the stomach and small intestine
37
What does the pyloric sphincter control?
Gastric emptying
38
What does gastric juice contain?
Pepsin, mucus, HCl
39
What is the function of gastric juice?
Break down proteins
40
What three secretory cells do the gastric glands contain?
Mucus cell, chief cell, parietal cell
41
What does the mucous cell do?
Secrete mucus and protect stomach lining
42
What do chief cells do?
Secrete pepsinogen that form into the enzyme pepsin
43
What does pepsinogen do?
Break down proteins
44
What do parietal cells do?
Secrete HCl solution and intrinsic factor
45
What does the intrinsic factor do?
Aid in vitamin B 12 absorption
46
If you're more hungry what is secreted more?
Gastric juice
47
What does bile aid in?
Fat digestion
48
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Store bile and release it into small intestine through the common bile duct
49
What do the circular folds in the small intestine do?
Increase surface area for absorption
50
What are the three parts of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
51
What does the ileocecal sphincter join?
The large and small intestine
52
What are intestinal villi?
Fingerlike projections of musoca covered with microvilli
53
What are microvilli?
Absorptive of cells with enzymes in them
54
What is the function of intestinal villi?
Increase surface area of intestine for absorption
55
Where are intestinal glands located?
Between bases of villi
56
What is the function of intestinal glands?
Secrete large volumes of intestinal juice (water and mucous)
57
What are intestinal enzyme secreted by?
Epithelial cells in villi
58
What does peptidase do?
Break peptides into amino acids
59
What does sucrase maltase and lactase do?
Breakdown disaccharides into monosaccharides
60
What does intestinal Lipase do?
Splits fats into fatty acids and glyceral
61
Are there villi in the large intestine?
No
62
What part of the digestive system forms and stores feces?
The large intestine
63
What is defecating?
Emptying rectum
64
What is haustra?
Pouches of colon caused by a contraction of colon muscles
65
What is the Cecum?
The beginning of the large intestines that is pouchlike
66
What is the appendix attached to?
cecum
67
What is the anus?
Opening to outside of body
68
What is the anus aided by?
Internal and Extertal anal sphincters
69
What is intestinal flora?
Activity of bacteria
70
What do intestinal flora produce?
Some B and K vitamins
71
What do intestinal flora ferment and what do they release?
Ferment remaining carbs and release hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gases
72
What is feces?
Production of chyme after 3 to 10 hours in colon after water absorption
73
What does feces contain?
Undigested food, water, electrolytes, mucus, shut intestinal cells, and bacteria
74
What do the parotid glands secrete?
A watery fluid with Amylase
75
What do sublingual glands secrete?
Thickest fluid

Anatomy (18 decks)

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