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Anatomy > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the peritoneum?

A

The largest serous membrane in the body in the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What does the mesentery do?

A

Binds the small intestine to abdominal wall

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3
Q

What does the parietal peritoneum line?

A

The wall of the abdominopelvic cavity

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4
Q

What does the visceral peritoneum line?

A

Some other organs in the digestive system

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5
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

A space between the two layers of the peritoneum that is filled with serous fluid

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6
Q

How many milliliters does the pancreas produce a day?

A

1200-1500mL

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7
Q

What does the pancreatic duct do?

A

Connects the pancreas with the small intestine

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8
Q

What is the function of the pancreas?

A

Secrete pancreatic juice

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9
Q

What does pancreatic amylase digest?

A

Carbohydrates

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10
Q

What does pancreatic lipase digest?

A

Fats

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11
Q

What does trypsin digest?

A

Proteins

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12
Q

What does nuclease break down?

A

Nucleic acid

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13
Q

What two other substances does the pancreas also secrete?

A

Water and sodium bicarbonate

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14
Q

What are the five functions of the liver?

A

Maintain, store, blood filtration, detoxification, production of bile

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15
Q

What is the function of the mouth?

A

Mechanical digestion and begin chemical digestion

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16
Q

What is bolus?

A

When the tongue and teeth reduce food to soft flexible masses

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17
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A

Secrete saliva

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18
Q

What is the largest salivary gland?

A

Parotid glands

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19
Q

Where are the parotid glands located?

A

Interior to the ears

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20
Q

Where are the submandibular glands located?

A

The floor of the mouth or around the molars

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21
Q

What do the submandibular glands secrete?

A

A thicker fluid with mucus

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22
Q

Where are the sublingual glands located?

A

Beneath the tongue

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23
Q

What is the function of the pharynx?

A

A passageway for food and air

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24
Q

What does the pharynx contain?

A

Sense receptors for swallowing

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25
Q

What is the function of the esophagus?

A

Move, moisten and lubricate food

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26
Q

What sphincter does the esophagus contain and where is it located?

A

Esophageal sphincter that is located between the esophagus and stomach

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27
Q

What do sphincters prevent?

A

Regurgitation

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28
Q

What is a sphincter?

A

A group of circular muscle fibers that remain contracted

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29
Q

Name the six digestive system basic processes in order.

A

Ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, digestion, absorption, defecation

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30
Q

What is peristalsis?

A

Coordinated contractions of muscularis layer of the GI tract that moves food along it.

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31
Q

What is the stomach capacity and how long is it?

A

1 L capacity in 20 to 30 cm long

32
Q

When the stomach is empty how big is it?

A

The size of a large sausage

33
Q

What are the inner lining think folds call in the stomach?

A

Rugae

34
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Mix food with gastric juice, initiate digestion of proteins, carry on limited absorption, bolus converted to chyme

35
Q

What does the fundus region of the stomach do?

A

It is a temporary storage area and sometimes fills with swallowed air

36
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter located?

A

Between the stomach and small intestine

37
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter control?

A

Gastric emptying

38
Q

What does gastric juice contain?

A

Pepsin, mucus, HCl

39
Q

What is the function of gastric juice?

A

Break down proteins

40
Q

What three secretory cells do the gastric glands contain?

A

Mucus cell, chief cell, parietal cell

41
Q

What does the mucous cell do?

A

Secrete mucus and protect stomach lining

42
Q

What do chief cells do?

A

Secrete pepsinogen that form into the enzyme pepsin

43
Q

What does pepsinogen do?

A

Break down proteins

44
Q

What do parietal cells do?

A

Secrete HCl solution and intrinsic factor

45
Q

What does the intrinsic factor do?

A

Aid in vitamin B 12 absorption

46
Q

If you’re more hungry what is secreted more?

A

Gastric juice

47
Q

What does bile aid in?

A

Fat digestion

48
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Store bile and release it into small intestine through the common bile duct

49
Q

What do the circular folds in the small intestine do?

A

Increase surface area for absorption

50
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

51
Q

What does the ileocecal sphincter join?

A

The large and small intestine

52
Q

What are intestinal villi?

A

Fingerlike projections of musoca covered with microvilli

53
Q

What are microvilli?

A

Absorptive of cells with enzymes in them

54
Q

What is the function of intestinal villi?

A

Increase surface area of intestine for absorption

55
Q

Where are intestinal glands located?

A

Between bases of villi

56
Q

What is the function of intestinal glands?

A

Secrete large volumes of intestinal juice (water and mucous)

57
Q

What are intestinal enzyme secreted by?

A

Epithelial cells in villi

58
Q

What does peptidase do?

A

Break peptides into amino acids

59
Q

What does sucrase maltase and lactase do?

A

Breakdown disaccharides into monosaccharides

60
Q

What does intestinal Lipase do?

A

Splits fats into fatty acids and glyceral

61
Q

Are there villi in the large intestine?

A

No

62
Q

What part of the digestive system forms and stores feces?

A

The large intestine

63
Q

What is defecating?

A

Emptying rectum

64
Q

What is haustra?

A

Pouches of colon caused by a contraction of colon muscles

65
Q

What is the Cecum?

A

The beginning of the large intestines that is pouchlike

66
Q

What is the appendix attached to?

A

cecum

67
Q

What is the anus?

A

Opening to outside of body

68
Q

What is the anus aided by?

A

Internal and Extertal anal sphincters

69
Q

What is intestinal flora?

A

Activity of bacteria

70
Q

What do intestinal flora produce?

A

Some B and K vitamins

71
Q

What do intestinal flora ferment and what do they release?

A

Ferment remaining carbs and release hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane gases

72
Q

What is feces?

A

Production of chyme after 3 to 10 hours in colon after water absorption

73
Q

What does feces contain?

A

Undigested food, water, electrolytes, mucus, shut intestinal cells, and bacteria

74
Q

What do the parotid glands secrete?

A

A watery fluid with Amylase

75
Q

What do sublingual glands secrete?

A

Thickest fluid

Anatomy (18 decks)

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