Joints Flashcards
What is the function of joints?
To hold bones together and allow skeleton flexibility to move
How are joints classified?
How much motion they allow
What are the 3 types of functional classification of joints?
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis
Doesn’t allow any movement
Amphiarthrosis
Allows only a small amount of movement
Diarthrosis
Freely moveable with a variety of movement types
What are the 3 types of structural classification of joints?
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Fibrous joints are joined together by ________________ tissue
Dense regular collagenous CT
Cartilaginous joints are connected together by __________
Cartilage
Joints are connected to….
At least one other bone in the body
What are the 3 types of fibrous joints?
Sutures
Syndesmosis
Gumphosis
What are Sutures and give an example of one
An immovable joint joined by short fibers
Ex: bones of skull
What are syndesmosis and give an example?
Joints that allow a small amount of movement and are joined by short ligaments
Ex: between tibia and fibula and ulna and radius
Gumphosis
Immovable joints joined by short ligaments
Ex: between each tooth and bony socket
What are the two types of cartilaginous joints?
Symphysis
Sychondrosis
What is symphysis and give an example
A flat disc or plug of fibrocartilage that is Amphiarthrosis
Ex: intervertebral joints, pubic symphysis
What is synchondrosis and give an example
Bone connected by hyaline cartilage and is Synarthrosis
Ex: ribs, sternum, and epiphyseal plates
The structural elements of synovial joints consist of…..
Joint cavity, articular capsule, articular cartilage, synovial fluid, avascular, adipose tissue, nerves, and blood vessels
What are the 3 support structures for synovial joints?
Ligaments, tendons, bursa
Ligament
Link bone to bone
Tendons
Connect muscle to bone
Bursa
Synovial fluid filled space between movable parts
Non axial joints
Motion occurs in one or more planes around an axis
Ex: between carpals
Uniaxial joints
Motion occurs around 1 axis
Ex: elbow joint
Biaxial joints
Motion occurs around two axes
Ex: proximal phalanges and metacarpals
Multiaxial joints
Motion around 3 axes
Ex: shoulder
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
Gliding or plane, hinges, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket
Gliding or planes
Between flat surfaces of two bones, nonaxial
Ex: inter carpals/ tarsals, vertebrae
Hinge
Convex surface of one bone fits into a concave surface of another bone
Uniaxial
Ex: elbow
Pivot
Round end of one bone rest in shallow groove of another bone
Uniaxial
Ex: between axis/ atlas and radius/ ulna
Condyloid
Convex surface of one bone fits into shallow concave surface of another bone
Biaxial
Ex: occipital/ atlas, metacarpals/ phalanges
Saddle
Both bones have both a concave and convex region
Biaxial
Ex: between thumb, metacarpals/wrist bone, sternum/ clavicle
Ball and socket
Spherical part of one bone fits into cube like depression of the other bone
Multiaxial
Ex: shoulder/ hip
