the perineum

Question 1

what is the perineum

Answer 1

• lies inferior to the pelvic floor, between the lower limbs

Question 2

what is the perineum formed by?

Answer 2

formed from soft tissue inferior to the pelvic floor, ending with skin

Question 3

pelvic floor muscles and features

Answer 3

• obturator internus
• levator ani
• coccygeus
• piriforms
• rectal hiatus
• urogential hiatus

Question 4

bords of the perineum

Answer 4

inferior: ischiopubic ramus
posterior: coccyx/sacrum
anterior: pubic symphysis
lateral: ischial tuberosity

Question 5

triangles of the perineum

Answer 5

• urogential triangle
• anal triangle

Question 6

urogential triangle

Answer 6

• anterior portion of perineum
• bounded by:
  pubic symphysis
  ischial tuberosities

Question 7

anal triangle

Answer 7

• posterior portion of perineum
• bounded by:
  ischial tuberosities
  coccyx

Question 8

male genitalia

Answer 8

• penis
• scrotum
• urethra

Question 9

penis

Answer 9

body of penis
- glans
- corpus cavernosum
- corpus spongiosum

root of penis
- bulb
- crus

Question 10

what artery is in the corpus caverosum

Answer 10

• deep penile artery

Question 11

what is in the corpus spongiosum

Answer 11

urethra

Question 12

male: urethra

Answer 12

bladder–> prostates= prostatic urethra
membranous urethra

corpus spongiosum=spongy urethra

external urethra orifice

Question 13

female genitalia

Answer 13

prepuce of clitoris
labia major
labia minor
mons pubis
clitoris

Question 14

female stuff- vestibule borders

Answer 14

clitoris = anterior border
labia minora= lateral border
fourchette= posterior border

Question 15

female stuff- vestibule parts

Answer 15

• external urethral orifice
• vaginal orifice
• bulb of vestibule
• greater vestibular glands

Question 16

erectile tissue- root

Answer 16

crus of clit
greater vestibular gland
bulb of vestibule (fills with blood)

Question 17

erectile tissue- bodyF

Answer 17

• glans of clit
• body of clit

Question 18

urethra muscles: female

Answer 18

• external urethral sphincter (entire urethra)
• urethrovaginal sphincter (urethra and vagina)
• compressor urethrae (anteior urethra)

Question 19

urogential triangle: make up

Answer 19

superficial to deep
- skin
- perineal fascia
- superficial perineal pouch
- perineal membrane
- deep perineal pouch
- pelvic floor

Question 20

deep perineal pouch

Answer 20

• between pelvic floor superiorly, and perineal membrane inferiorly
• lies SUPERIOR the perineal membrane
• forms the external urethral sphincter

Question 21

deep perineal pouch: males

Answer 21

deep transverse perineal muscle

external urethra sphincter

Question 22

external urethra sphincter

Answer 22

• voluntary control
• surrounds membranous urethra

Question 23

deep perineal pouch: female

Answer 23

• external urethral sphincter
• urethrovaginal sphincter
• compressor urethrae
• deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 24

perineal membrane

Answer 24

separates deep perineal pouch and superficial perineal pouch

Question 25

superficial perineal pouch

Answer 25

- between perineal mem superiorly, and deep perineal fascia inferiorly - lies INFERIORLY to the perineal mem - superior limit--> perineal mem - inferior limit--> colles fascia

Question 26

superficial perineal pouch: males

Answer 26

bulbospongious ischocaverosus superficial transverse perineal muscle

Question 27

bulbospongious

Answer 27

compresses bulb of penis during erection

Question 28

ischocaverosus

Answer 28

compresses crus of penis during erection

Question 29

superficial perinal pouch: females

Answer 29

ischocaverosus bulbospongiosus superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 30

ischocaverosus

Answer 30

compresses crus of clit during orgasm

Question 31

bulbospongiosus

Answer 31

compresses bulb of clit during orgasm

Question 32

perineal fascia superficial layer

Answer 32

continuous with campers fascia of anterior abdominal wall

Question 33

perineal fascia deep layer

Answer 33

continous with scarpas fascia of the anterior abdominal wall - colles fascia

Question 34

perineal body

Answer 34

convergence/interlacing of: - bulbospongiosus - superficial/deep perineal muscles - external anal sphincter - pelvic floor muscles

Question 35

contents of anal triangle

Answer 35

- anal aperture - external anal sphincter - ischiorectal fossa - pudendal canal

Question 36

ischiorectal fossa

Answer 36

- obturator internus= lateral border - levator ani= superior border - external anal sphincter= medial border - perineal fascia= inferior border

Question 37

pudendal canal

Answer 37

neurovasculature - pudenal nerve - interal pudendal artery - internal pudenal vein

Question 38

anal canal

Answer 38

external anal sphincter = voluntary internal anal sphincter = involuntary (relaxed norally) - rectal ampulla

Question 39

blood supply- perineum

Answer 39

abdominal aorta common iliac artery external iliac artery internal iliac artery - internal iliac artery - internal pudendal artery