abdominal viscera

Question 1

what is peritoneum

Answer 1

stretching around abdominal viscera
- serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers many organs
- forms a sac that encloses the peritoneal cavity

Question 2

mesentery

Answer 2

connect parietal and visceral layers

Question 3

layers of peritoneum

Answer 3

parietal = “of walls”
visceral = “of organs”

Question 4

parietal layer

Answer 4

lines:
inferior surface of diaphragm
abdominal & pelvic walls
roof over pelvic viscera

Question 5

visceral layer

Answer 5

covers organs

Question 6

peritoneal cavity

Answer 6

has 2 sacs
greater sac
lesser sac

Question 7

greater sac

Answer 7

diaphragm–> pelvis

Question 8

lesser sac

Answer 8

• behind the stomach
• can extend:
  upward–> diaphragm
  downward–> between layers of greater omentum
  left–> spleen
  right–> epiploic foramen of Winslow

Question 9

epiploic foramen of Winslow

Answer 9

only natural communication between the greater sac and lesser sac

Question 10

borders of epiploic foramen of Winslow

Answer 10

anterior: free border of lesser omentum
posterior: inferior Vena cava
superior: liver (caudate lobe)
inferior: 1st part of duodenum

Question 11

intraperitoneal

Answer 11

completely covered by peritoneum
- liver
- stomach
- spleen
- jejunum
- ileum

Question 12

retroperitoneal

Answer 12

• anterior surface covered
• SAD PUCKER (organs)

Question 13

SAD PUCKER

Answer 13

Suprarenal/ adrenal glands
Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava
Duodenum (parts 2-4)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum (proximal 1/3)

Question 14

double peritoneal folds

Answer 14

mesentery
lesser omentum
greater omentum (curtain over GI tract)
ligaments

Question 15

parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal) innervation

Answer 15

• segmental nerves: overlying skin & muscles (T6-L1)
• phrenic nerves
• pain is well localized

Question 16

visceral peritoneum (intraperitoneal) innervation

Answer 16

• visceral afferents
• pain is poorly localized

Question 17

Gut tube

Answer 17

esophagus–> rectum
foregut
midgut
hindgut

Question 18

foregut

Answer 18

abdominal esophagus to proximal 1/2 of duodenum
-DIGESTION
esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, proximal duodenum

Question 19

midgut

Answer 19

distal 1/2 of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
- ABSORPTION
distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Question 20

hindgut

Answer 20

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal
REMOVAL
- distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper anal canal

Question 21

supply of gut tube

Answer 21

fore gut: celiac trunk
midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

Question 22

foregut: celiac trunk

Answer 22

branches off celiac trunk
- common hepatic artery
- left gastric artery
- splenic artery

Question 23

midgut SMA

Answer 23

branches off SMA
- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- jejunal arteries
- ileal arteries
- middle colic artery
- right colic artery
- ileocolic artery

Question 24

hindgut: IMA

Answer 24

brahces off IMA
- left colic artery
- sigmoidal arteries
- superior rectal artery

Question 25

abdominal esophagus- foregut

Answer 25

mechanical digestion and transfer of bolus to the stomach - passing through diaphragm (esophageal hiatus T10) (lower esophageal sphincter) blood supply - esophageal branch of left gastric artery

Question 26

stomach- foregut

Answer 26

- esophagus - cardia - pyloric canal - duodenum - pyloric antrum - body - fundus inside - pyloric sphincter - rugae

Question 27

stomach blood supply

Answer 27

greater curvature - right & left gastroomental arteries lesser curvature - right & left gastric arteries fundus -celiac trunk--> splenic a.--> short gastric arteries

Question 28

small intestine

Answer 28

- breaking down proteins lipids, carbohydrates and absorption - specialization of surface area - pyloric orifice--> ileocecal junction

Question 29

small intestine: duodenum

Answer 29

- 20-25cm - 1st part of the small intestine - c-shaped - mostly retroperitoneal

Question 30

parts of the duodenum

Answer 30

superior 1st part descending 2nd part inferior/horizontal 3rd part ascending 4th part

Question 31

duodenum: 1st part

Answer 31

- intraperitoneal - has duodenal cap

Question 32

duodenum 2nd part

Answer 32

retroperitoneal - has minor and major papilla (where bile and juices enter)

Question 33

duodenum 3rd part

Answer 33

- retroperitoneal - inferior to the SMA

Question 34

duodenum 4th part

Answer 34

retroperitoneal held up by suspensory ligament of the duodenum

Question 35

duodenum is divided into 4 parts

Answer 35

1st part 2nd part Foregut: proximal duodenum ( anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries) 3rd part 4th part midgut: anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

Question 36

parts 1 and 2 of duodenum supply

Answer 36

- gastroduodenal artery - posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery - anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 37

parts 3 & 4 supply

Answer 37

posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

Question 38

ileum

Answer 38

- R. lower quadrant - ends at the ileocecal junction

Question 39

jejunum

Answer 39

- L. upper quadrant - begins at the duodenojejunal flexure

Question 40

jejunum & ileum: mesentery

Answer 40

mesentery proper: blood supply found within it

Question 41

jejunum & ileum- blood supply

Answer 41

jejunal arteries--> arterial arcades (large)--> vasa recta ileal arteries--> arterial arcades(smaller)--> vasa recta (more)