abdominal viscera Flashcards

1
Q

what is peritoneum

A

stretching around abdominal viscera
- serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers many organs
- forms a sac that encloses the peritoneal cavity

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2
Q

mesentery

A

connect parietal and visceral layers

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3
Q

layers of peritoneum

A

parietal = “of walls”
visceral = “of organs”

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4
Q

parietal layer

A

lines:
inferior surface of diaphragm
abdominal & pelvic walls
roof over pelvic viscera

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5
Q

visceral layer

A

covers organs

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6
Q

peritoneal cavity

A

has 2 sacs
greater sac
lesser sac

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7
Q

greater sac

A

diaphragm–> pelvis

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8
Q

lesser sac

A
  • behind the stomach
  • can extend:
    upward–> diaphragm
    downward–> between layers of greater omentum
    left–> spleen
    right–> epiploic foramen of Winslow
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9
Q

epiploic foramen of Winslow

A

only natural communication between the greater sac and lesser sac

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10
Q

borders of epiploic foramen of Winslow

A

anterior: free border of lesser omentum
posterior: inferior Vena cava
superior: liver (caudate lobe)
inferior: 1st part of duodenum

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11
Q

intraperitoneal

A

completely covered by peritoneum
- liver
- stomach
- spleen
- jejunum
- ileum

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12
Q

retroperitoneal

A
  • anterior surface covered
  • SAD PUCKER (organs)
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13
Q

SAD PUCKER

A

Suprarenal/ adrenal glands
Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava
Duodenum (parts 2-4)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum (proximal 1/3)

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14
Q

double peritoneal folds

A

mesentery
lesser omentum
greater omentum (curtain over GI tract)
ligaments

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15
Q

parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal) innervation

A
  • segmental nerves: overlying skin & muscles (T6-L1)
  • phrenic nerves
  • pain is well localized
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16
Q

visceral peritoneum (intraperitoneal) innervation

A
  • visceral afferents
  • pain is poorly localized
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17
Q

Gut tube

A

esophagus–> rectum
foregut
midgut
hindgut

18
Q

foregut

A

abdominal esophagus to proximal 1/2 of duodenum
-DIGESTION
esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, proximal duodenum

19
Q

midgut

A

distal 1/2 of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
- ABSORPTION
distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon

20
Q

hindgut

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal
REMOVAL
- distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper anal canal

21
Q

supply of gut tube

A

fore gut: celiac trunk
midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)

22
Q

foregut: celiac trunk

A

branches off celiac trunk
- common hepatic artery
- left gastric artery
- splenic artery

23
Q

midgut SMA

A

branches off SMA
- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- jejunal arteries
- ileal arteries
- middle colic artery
- right colic artery
- ileocolic artery

24
Q

hindgut: IMA

A

brahces off IMA
- left colic artery
- sigmoidal arteries
- superior rectal artery

25
Q

abdominal esophagus- foregut

A

mechanical digestion and transfer of bolus to the stomach
- passing through diaphragm
(esophageal hiatus T10)
(lower esophageal sphincter)

blood supply
- esophageal branch of left gastric artery

26
Q

stomach- foregut

A
  • esophagus
  • cardia
  • pyloric canal
  • duodenum
  • pyloric antrum
  • body
  • fundus

inside
- pyloric sphincter
- rugae

27
Q

stomach blood supply

A

greater curvature
- right & left gastroomental arteries

lesser curvature
- right & left gastric arteries

fundus
-celiac trunk–> splenic a.–> short gastric arteries

28
Q

small intestine

A
  • breaking down proteins lipids, carbohydrates and absorption
  • specialization of surface area
  • pyloric orifice–> ileocecal junction
29
Q

small intestine: duodenum

A
  • 20-25cm
  • 1st part of the small intestine
  • c-shaped
  • mostly retroperitoneal
30
Q

parts of the duodenum

A

superior 1st part
descending 2nd part
inferior/horizontal 3rd part
ascending 4th part

31
Q

duodenum: 1st part

A
  • intraperitoneal
  • has duodenal cap
32
Q

duodenum 2nd part

A

retroperitoneal
- has minor and major papilla (where bile and juices enter)

33
Q

duodenum 3rd part

A
  • retroperitoneal
  • inferior to the SMA
34
Q

duodenum 4th part

A

retroperitoneal
held up by suspensory ligament of the duodenum

35
Q

duodenum is divided into 4 parts

A

1st part
2nd part
Foregut: proximal duodenum ( anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries)

3rd part
4th part
midgut: anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

36
Q

parts 1 and 2 of duodenum supply

A
  • gastroduodenal artery
  • posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  • anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
37
Q

parts 3 & 4 supply

A

posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

38
Q

ileum

A
  • R. lower quadrant
  • ends at the ileocecal junction
39
Q

jejunum

A
  • L. upper quadrant
  • begins at the duodenojejunal flexure
40
Q

jejunum & ileum: mesentery

A

mesentery proper: blood supply found within it

41
Q

jejunum & ileum- blood supply

A

jejunal arteries–> arterial arcades (large)–> vasa recta
ileal arteries–> arterial arcades(smaller)–> vasa recta (more)

42
Q
A