abdominal viscera Flashcards
what is peritoneum
stretching around abdominal viscera
- serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and covers many organs
- forms a sac that encloses the peritoneal cavity
mesentery
connect parietal and visceral layers
layers of peritoneum
parietal = “of walls”
visceral = “of organs”
parietal layer
lines:
inferior surface of diaphragm
abdominal & pelvic walls
roof over pelvic viscera
visceral layer
covers organs
peritoneal cavity
has 2 sacs
greater sac
lesser sac
greater sac
diaphragm–> pelvis
lesser sac
- behind the stomach
- can extend:
upward–> diaphragm
downward–> between layers of greater omentum
left–> spleen
right–> epiploic foramen of Winslow
epiploic foramen of Winslow
only natural communication between the greater sac and lesser sac
borders of epiploic foramen of Winslow
anterior: free border of lesser omentum
posterior: inferior Vena cava
superior: liver (caudate lobe)
inferior: 1st part of duodenum
intraperitoneal
completely covered by peritoneum
- liver
- stomach
- spleen
- jejunum
- ileum
retroperitoneal
- anterior surface covered
- SAD PUCKER (organs)
SAD PUCKER
Suprarenal/ adrenal glands
Abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava
Duodenum (parts 2-4)
Pancreas
Ureters
Colon (ascending and descending)
Kidneys
Esophagus
Rectum (proximal 1/3)
double peritoneal folds
mesentery
lesser omentum
greater omentum (curtain over GI tract)
ligaments
parietal peritoneum (retroperitoneal) innervation
- segmental nerves: overlying skin & muscles (T6-L1)
- phrenic nerves
- pain is well localized
visceral peritoneum (intraperitoneal) innervation
- visceral afferents
- pain is poorly localized
Gut tube
esophagus–> rectum
foregut
midgut
hindgut
foregut
abdominal esophagus to proximal 1/2 of duodenum
-DIGESTION
esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, proximal duodenum
midgut
distal 1/2 of duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
- ABSORPTION
distal duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 transverse colon
hindgut
distal 1/3 of transverse colon to proximal anal canal
REMOVAL
- distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, upper anal canal
supply of gut tube
fore gut: celiac trunk
midgut: superior mesenteric artery (SMA)
hindgut: inferior mesenteric artery (IMA)
foregut: celiac trunk
branches off celiac trunk
- common hepatic artery
- left gastric artery
- splenic artery
midgut SMA
branches off SMA
- inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- jejunal arteries
- ileal arteries
- middle colic artery
- right colic artery
- ileocolic artery
hindgut: IMA
brahces off IMA
- left colic artery
- sigmoidal arteries
- superior rectal artery
abdominal esophagus- foregut
mechanical digestion and transfer of bolus to the stomach
- passing through diaphragm
(esophageal hiatus T10)
(lower esophageal sphincter)
blood supply
- esophageal branch of left gastric artery
stomach- foregut
- esophagus
- cardia
- pyloric canal
- duodenum
- pyloric antrum
- body
- fundus
inside
- pyloric sphincter
- rugae
stomach blood supply
greater curvature
- right & left gastroomental arteries
lesser curvature
- right & left gastric arteries
fundus
-celiac trunk–> splenic a.–> short gastric arteries
small intestine
- breaking down proteins lipids, carbohydrates and absorption
- specialization of surface area
- pyloric orifice–> ileocecal junction
small intestine: duodenum
- 20-25cm
- 1st part of the small intestine
- c-shaped
- mostly retroperitoneal
parts of the duodenum
superior 1st part
descending 2nd part
inferior/horizontal 3rd part
ascending 4th part
duodenum: 1st part
- intraperitoneal
- has duodenal cap
duodenum 2nd part
retroperitoneal
- has minor and major papilla (where bile and juices enter)
duodenum 3rd part
- retroperitoneal
- inferior to the SMA
duodenum 4th part
retroperitoneal
held up by suspensory ligament of the duodenum
duodenum is divided into 4 parts
1st part
2nd part
Foregut: proximal duodenum ( anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries)
3rd part
4th part
midgut: anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
parts 1 and 2 of duodenum supply
- gastroduodenal artery
- posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
- anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
parts 3 & 4 supply
posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
anterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
ileum
- R. lower quadrant
- ends at the ileocecal junction
jejunum
- L. upper quadrant
- begins at the duodenojejunal flexure
jejunum & ileum: mesentery
mesentery proper: blood supply found within it
jejunum & ileum- blood supply
jejunal arteries–> arterial arcades (large)–> vasa recta
ileal arteries–> arterial arcades(smaller)–> vasa recta (more)
