abdominopelvic viscera (GI 4) Flashcards
the spleen
lymphatic organ
- triangular shaped organ
- intraperitoneal
- upper left quadrant of abdomen
- between ribs 9-11 at the midaxillary line
- in the lesser sac
function of the spleen
- filtration of red blood cells to remove old, larger and deformed cells
- prevention of infection
location of the spleen
lateral to the stomach
- superior to the large intestine
- anterior to the diaphragm
- near the tail of pancreas
surfaces of the spleen
posterior surface= diaphragmatic area
superior surface= gastric area
anterior surface= colic area (splenic flexure)
inferior surface= renal area
blood supply to the spleen
celiac trunk->splenic artery
SPLENIC ARTERY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
hilum of the spleen
- medial concave area of spleen
- vascular attachment site
contents of the hilum of the spleen
- splenic artery (pigs tail)
- splenic vein
splenorenal ligament (renal area)
splenogastric ligament (gastric area)
pocket for tail of pancreas (colic area)
which of the following statements is TRUE
a. the posterior surface of the spleen is associated with the kidney
b. the spleen is a retroperitoneal organ
c. the anterior surface of the spleen is associated with the large intestine
d. the spleen sits in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen
c.
the kidneys
- retroperitoneal organs
- kidney bean shaped
location of kidneys
posterior abdominal wall
- right sits lower than left
- left: T12-L3
- right: T12-L4
function of kidneys
- urine production
- regulation of blood ionic composition
- regulation of blood PH
- regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
- production of hormones
- regulation of blood glucose
- excretion of wastes and foreign substances
protective coverings of the kidneys
Perirenal fat: protect from trauma and hold kidney in place
Renal capsule: deepest form of protection
renal fascia: attaches kidney
Pararenal fat: superficial, thinner layer of fat
blood supply to kidneys
abdominal aorta
- renal artery
venous drainage of kidneys
renal veins–> IVC
vasculature relationships
right renal artery: longer
left renal artery: shorter
right renal vein: shorter
left renal vein: longer
why is the right renal vein shorter
because the IVC is closer to the right side
hilum of the kidney
- concave part of kidney
- sits medially
- 3 main structures
contents within the hilum of kidney
- renal artery
- renal vein
- ureter (posterior compared to the renal vein)
where does the ureter go to
travels inferior to the bladder
what are the 2 main components of the kidney
- cortex
- medulla
cortex
- outer component
- main filtering area
medulla
- many columns and tubes
- beginning of urine production
internal anatomy of kidneys
- ureter
- minor calyx (gather urine)
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
- renal pyramid
- renal papilla
pathway of urine
- renal pyramid
- renal papilla
- minor calyx
- major calyx
- renal pelvis
- ureter
adrenal glands
- also called suprarenal glands
- endocrine organs (produce hormones)
- sit directly superior to kidneys
- retroperitoneal organs
functions of adrenal glands
- produce adrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone
internal anatomy of adrenal gland
3 inner layers of cortex
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona reticularis
medulla
blood supply to adrenal glands
inferior phrenic a.
- superior suprarenal arteries (branch off inf. phrenic)
middle suprarenal artery
(off abdominal aorta)
inferior supramental artery
(from renal artery)
venous drainage of adrenal glands
right suprarenal vein:
drains directly into IVC on right hand side
(direct drainage)
left suprarenal vein:
drains into left renal vein and then into IVC
(indirect drainage)
branches off the abdominal aorta
middle suprarenal a.
R. renal a. (L1)
celiac trunk (T12)
left renal a. (T12)
superior mesenteric a. (L1)
inferior mesenteric a. (L3)
