abdominopelvic viscera (GI 4)

Question 1

the spleen

Answer 1

lymphatic organ
- triangular shaped organ
- intraperitoneal
- upper left quadrant of abdomen
- between ribs 9-11 at the midaxillary line
- in the lesser sac

Question 2

function of the spleen

Answer 2

• filtration of red blood cells to remove old, larger and deformed cells
• prevention of infection

Question 3

location of the spleen

Answer 3

lateral to the stomach
- superior to the large intestine
- anterior to the diaphragm
- near the tail of pancreas

Question 4

surfaces of the spleen

Answer 4

posterior surface= diaphragmatic area
superior surface= gastric area
anterior surface= colic area (splenic flexure)
inferior surface= renal area

Question 5

blood supply to the spleen

Answer 5

celiac trunk->splenic artery

SPLENIC ARTERY IS THE MOST IMPORTANT

Question 6

hilum of the spleen

Answer 6

• medial concave area of spleen
• vascular attachment site

Question 7

contents of the hilum of the spleen

Answer 7

• splenic artery (pigs tail)
• splenic vein

splenorenal ligament (renal area)
splenogastric ligament (gastric area)
pocket for tail of pancreas (colic area)

Question 8

which of the following statements is TRUE
a. the posterior surface of the spleen is associated with the kidney
b. the spleen is a retroperitoneal organ
c. the anterior surface of the spleen is associated with the large intestine
d. the spleen sits in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen

Answer 8

c.

Question 9

the kidneys

Answer 9

• retroperitoneal organs
• kidney bean shaped

Question 10

location of kidneys

Answer 10

posterior abdominal wall
- right sits lower than left
- left: T12-L3
- right: T12-L4

Question 11

function of kidneys

Answer 11

• urine production
• regulation of blood ionic composition
• regulation of blood PH
• regulation of blood volume and blood pressure
• production of hormones
• regulation of blood glucose
• excretion of wastes and foreign substances

Question 12

protective coverings of the kidneys

Answer 12

Perirenal fat: protect from trauma and hold kidney in place

Renal capsule: deepest form of protection

renal fascia: attaches kidney

Pararenal fat: superficial, thinner layer of fat

Question 13

blood supply to kidneys

Answer 13

abdominal aorta
- renal artery

Question 14

venous drainage of kidneys

Answer 14

renal veins–> IVC

Question 15

vasculature relationships

Answer 15

right renal artery: longer
left renal artery: shorter
right renal vein: shorter
left renal vein: longer

Question 16

why is the right renal vein shorter

Answer 16

because the IVC is closer to the right side

Question 17

hilum of the kidney

Answer 17

• concave part of kidney
• sits medially
• 3 main structures

Question 18

contents within the hilum of kidney

Answer 18

• renal artery
• renal vein
• ureter (posterior compared to the renal vein)

Question 19

where does the ureter go to

Answer 19

travels inferior to the bladder

Question 20

what are the 2 main components of the kidney

Answer 20

• cortex
• medulla

Question 21

cortex

Answer 21

• outer component
• main filtering area

Question 22

medulla

Answer 22

• many columns and tubes
• beginning of urine production

Question 23

internal anatomy of kidneys

Answer 23

• ureter
• minor calyx (gather urine)
• major calyx
• renal pelvis
• renal pyramid
• renal papilla

Question 24

pathway of urine

Answer 24

1. renal pyramid
2. renal papilla
3. minor calyx
4. major calyx
5. renal pelvis
6. ureter

Question 25

adrenal glands

Answer 25

• also called suprarenal glands
• endocrine organs (produce hormones)
• sit directly superior to kidneys
• retroperitoneal organs

Question 26

functions of adrenal glands

Answer 26

• produce adrenaline, cortisol, aldosterone

Question 27

internal anatomy of adrenal gland

Answer 27

3 inner layers of cortex
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasciculata
- zona reticularis

medulla

Question 28

blood supply to adrenal glands

Answer 28

inferior phrenic a.
- superior suprarenal arteries (branch off inf. phrenic)

middle suprarenal artery
(off abdominal aorta)

inferior supramental artery
(from renal artery)

Question 29

venous drainage of adrenal glands

Answer 29

right suprarenal vein:
drains directly into IVC on right hand side
(direct drainage)

left suprarenal vein:
drains into left renal vein and then into IVC
(indirect drainage)

Question 30

branches off the abdominal aorta

Answer 30

middle suprarenal a.
R. renal a. (L1)
celiac trunk (T12)
left renal a. (T12)
superior mesenteric a. (L1)
inferior mesenteric a. (L3)