Abdominal viscera part 2

Question 1

cecum

Answer 1

blind-ended pouch
- covered in peritoneum, but no mesentery
- ileocecal (ileocolic) valve (one way)

Question 2

vermiform appendix

Answer 2

• aggregation of lymphoid tissue
• not longer necessary (more trouble)
• suspended by the mesoappendix (houses A/V)
• variable positions: retrocecal, retrocolic, pelvic

Question 3

colon (the four parts)

Answer 3

• ascending- right upper
• transverse
• descending- left upper
• sigmoid (pelvic)

Question 4

colon flexures

Answer 4

left colic flexure
right colic flexure

Question 5

colon : features

Answer 5

teniae coli
haustra
epiploic

Question 6

taeniae coli

Answer 6

muscle
- 3 longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that run along the outer layer of the entire colon

Question 7

haustra

Answer 7

muscle
- series of pouches in the wall of the colon
- created by muscle tone in taeniae coli
- permit expansion and elongation of colon

Question 8

peritoneal coverings of the colon: mesocolon

Answer 8

complete coverings: transverse & sigmoid mesocolons (intraperitoneal)

partial covering: ascending, descending & rectal mesocolons (retroperitoneal)

mesoappendix: connects appendix to ileum & cecum

Question 9

large intestine: blood supply superior mesenteric artery

Answer 9

superior mesenteric artery
- ileocolic
- right colic
- middle colic
(MRI)

Question 10

large intestine: blood supply inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 10

• left colic
• sigmoidal
• superior rectal (hemorrhoidal)
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Question 11

large intestine: blood supply marginal artery of Drummond

Answer 11

anastomoses between right, middle and left colic arteries
- key for collateral circulation or alternative supply

Question 12

parts of the pancreas

Answer 12

• tail
• body
• neck
• head
• uncinate process

Question 13

large intestine: venous drainage- Splenic vein

Answer 13

splenic vein:
- hilum of spleen- posterior to tail and body of pancreas- join superior mesenteric vein

• drains: spleen, lower esophagus, part of stomach and pancreas

Question 14

large intestine: venous drainage superior mesenteric vein

Answer 14

ascends in root of the mesentery- pass anterior to 3rd part of duodenum (transverse)
- joins splenic vein posterior to neck of pancreas

drains: areas supplied by the SMA
- ileocecum, left colic, middle colic

Question 15

large intestine: venous drainage inferior mesenteric vein

Answer 15

ascends on left posterior abdominal wall- join splenic vein posterior to pancreas

drains: areas supplied by IMA
- left colic, sigmoidal, superior rectal

Question 16

hepatic portal vein

Answer 16

splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein unite creating hepatic portal vein
- carries nutrients from digestive tract to the liver

Question 17

hepatic portal vein: portosystemic obstruction

Answer 17

result of obstructed venous return to the liver
- causes: thrombosis, liver cirrhosis, heart failure