pelvic viscera Flashcards
parts of the pelvic girdle
- sacrum
- innominate bones
- coccyx
innominate bone
ilium
ischium
pubis
features on the innominate bone
- symphyseal surface
- ischial tuberosity
- auricular surface
- iliopectineal line
- ischial spine
sacrum and coccyx
- auricular surface
- sacral promontory
- sacral ala
- anterior sacral foramina
- coccyx
pelvic joints
sacroiliac joints
symphysis pubis
sacroiliac joint
- auricular surfaces of sacrum and ilium
symphysis pubis
- fibrocartilaginous disc between left and right pubis (symphyseal surfaces)
pelvic inlet (borders)
- sacral promontory
- sacral ala
- iliopectineal line
- symphysis pubis
pelvic outlet (borders)
- coccyx
- ischial tuberosities
- symphysis pubis
false pelvis
everything superior to the inlet
true pelvis
between inlet and outlet
- has the viscera
which of the following is true
a. the interspinous distance is measured between the ischial tuberosities
b. the false pelvis is located between the pelvic inlet and pelvic
c. the false pelvis contains the pelvic viscera
d. the interspinous distance is measured between the ischial spines
d.
pelvic diaphragm function
support pelvic viscera
pelvic diaphragm features
urogenital hiatus
anal aperture
muscles of pelvic diaphragm
levator ani group
coccygeus
part of levator ani group
puborectalis
puboccygeus
iliococcygeus
coccygeus (ischioccygeus)
puborectalis
pubis –> goes around the anal aperture
makes anal sling (hold rectum in place)
pubococcygeus
pubis–> coccyx
iliococcygeus
ilium–> coccyx
coccygeus (ischioccygeus)
ischium–> coccyx
which of the following pelvic diaphragm muscles DO NOT form the urogenital hiatus
a. puborectalis
b. ilioccygeus
c. puboccygeus
d. coccygeus
e. B and D
F. all but a
F
pelvic viscera male
- vas deferens
- seminal vesicles
- ejaculatory ducts
- prostate gland
pelvic viscera female
- uterus
- uterine tubes
- ovaries
- vagina
pelvic viscera male and female (share)
bladder
ureters
sigmoid colon
rectum
broad ligament
covers female pelvic viscera
- double fold of peritoneum
- three divisions
the three division of the broad ligament
mesometrium
mesovarium
mesosalpinx
mesometrium
largest division of the ligament
covers the uterus and bladder
mesovarium
suspends ovaries from uterus tubes
mesoalpinx
surrounds uterine tubes
parts of the uterus
- fundus
- uterine cavity
- internal Os
- cervical canal
- cervix
- external Os
uterus ligaments
uterosacral lig
cardinal lig
round lig
uterosacral ligament
uterus to sacrum (more posterior)
carinal ligament
“wings”
project laterally
round ligament
attaches uterus to anterior cavity
uterine tubes (features)
isthmus (tube to the uterus)
ampulla
infundibulum
fimbriae (finger like that scoop up the eggs)
ovaries (functions)
- paired almond shaped organs
- located superior to the uterus
- produce ova (eggs)
- secrete estrogen & progesterone
ovaries (features)
- ovarian ligament
- suspensory ligament of the ovary (anchor them to the pelvic side wall)
- mesovarium
vagina
- opening to the external environment
- begins at the external os of the cervix
- posterior to the bladder
- protrusion of cervix creates fornixes
fornixes of vagina
posterior
anterior
lateral (2)
ductus (vas) deferens
sits on posterior surface of the bladder
seminal vesicles
- posterior surface of bladder
- lateral to ductus deferens (sorta below)
- glandular structures
- store and produce fluid that makes up a majority of semen
ejaculatory ducts
- formed by the union of the seminal vesicles and ductus deferens
prostate gland
- inferior to bladder
- walnut shaped
- traversed by the prostatic urethra
- prostatic utricle contracts to widen the opening of the ejaculatory ducts
sigmoid colon
- S shaped
- distal end of colon
- continuous with the rectum distally
- last section of colon
rectum
- continuous with the anal canal distal
two flexures:
1. sacral flexure
2. anorectal flexure
rectum- internal anatomy
3 transverse folds
- superior rectal fold
- middle rectal fold
- inferior rectal fold
3 lateral flexures
ureters (travel)
- exits renal pelvis
- pass posterior to gonadal vessels and anterior to psoas major
- pass anterior to iliac vessels
- enter the posterior aspect of the bladder
bladder (features)
apex (top of bladder)
body
ureters (posterior)
inside:
trigone
internal urethral orifice (opening bladder–>urthra)
urethra
location of males anatomy
prostate gland (middle)
- bladder (superior)
- pelvic diaphragm (inferior)
- symphysis pubis (anterior)
- Seminal vesicles (posterior)
location of female anantomy
bladder (middle)
- uterus (superior)
- pelvic diaphragm (inferior)
- symphysis pubis (anterior)
- vagina (posterior)
which of the following in INCORRECT?
a. the bladder is the most superior in the female pelvic cavity
b. the prostate contains the ejaculatory ducts
c. the rectum is posterior to the bladder
d. the pubis symphysis is anterior to the bladder
a
from the kidneys the ureters travel?
anterior to the iliac vessels
blood supply of uterus
internal iliac artery –> uterine artery
blood supply to ovaries
abdominal aorta–> r. ovarian artery–> L. ovarian artery
blood supply to sigmoid colon
inferior mesenteric artery–> sigmoidal artery
blood supply to rectum
inferior mesenteric artery–> superior rectal artery
internal iliac artery (off abdominal aorta) –> middle rectal artery–> inferior rectal artery
innervation of pelvic viscera
innervated by the autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic NS
- parasympathetic NS
sympathetic innveration
preganglionic neurons in L1 & L2–> inferior mesenteric ganglion, or inferior hypogastric plexus –> pelvic viscera
sympathetic innervation pelvic viscera (function)
INHBITS the bladder, EXCITIES the internal urethral sphincter- prevents urination
INHIBITS peristaltic contraction, EXCITIES internal anal sphincter- prevents defecation
EXCITIES uterine contraction
parasympathetic innervation
preganglionic neurons: S2, S3, S4 –> pelvic splanchnic nerves–> pelvic viscera
parasympathetic innervation of pelvic viscera (functions)
excites the bladder, inhibits the internal urethral sphincter- allows urination
excites peristaltic contraction, inhibits internal anal sphincter- allows defecation
inhibits uterine contraction
which of the follwoing is right?
a. para innervation to the pelvic viscera causes an increase in peristalsis
b. the uterus is supplied directly from branches of the abdominal aorta
c. the rectum is supplied only by the inferior mesenteric artery
d. the internal iliac arteries supply the uterus via the uterine arteries
a. and b.
