accessory digestive organs Flashcards
accessory digestive organs
include:
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- salivary glands
function of accessory digestive organs
- produce, store, and secrete digestive enzymes and buffers
- both the liver and pancreas have function in other body system
liver
is the largest vsceral organ and has a mass of 1.5kg
- has multiple functions
functions of the liver
- metabolic: hepatocytes regulate circulating levels of nutrients; remove metabolic wastes and toxins
- hematological: acts as a blood reservoir, filters circulating debris
- digestive: synthesizes and secretes bile
location of liver
- immediately inferior to the diaphragm, in the right upper abdomen
- sits superior and lateral to the stomach, right kidney, and intestines
surfaces of the liver Diaphragmatic surface
Diaphragmatic surface:
- superior and anterior surfaces, smooth and follows curve of diaphragm and body wall
what is the bare area
area of liver in direct contact with the diaphragm, no visceral peritoneum
surface of liver: visceral surface
- posterior and inferior surfaces, has impressions from the stomach, right kidney, intestines(S + L)
lobes of the liver
- right lobe
- left lobe
- caudate lobe (posterior)
- quadrate lobe (posterior)
ligaments of the liver
falciform ligament
coronary ligament
right and left triangular ligament
round ligament
falciform ligament
attaches liver to anterior body wall and divides the liver into right and left lobes
coronary ligament
suspends liver from the diaphragm
right and left triangular ligament
on superior aspect, towards lateral body wall
round ligament
thickening of inferior margin of falciform ligament, embryological remnant of umbilical vein
which ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm
a. falciform
b. coronary
c. triangular
d. round
b.
about the gallbladder
- stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
- bile helps in the digestion of dietary lipids through emulsification
location of gallbladder
- hollow, pear-shaped, muscular sac on the right visceral surface of the liver
- lateral to the stomach
- closely related to the duodenum
parts of the gallbladder
- cystic duct
- neck
- infundibulum
- fundus
what connects the liver and gallbladder
ducts
- the common hepatic duct joins cystic duct to from the common bile duct
- the common bile duct empties in the duodenum
gallbladder blood supply
arterial supply:
- cystic artery (branch of hepatic artery proper)
venous drainage:
- cystic vein into the hepatic portal vein
gross ananoty of the gallbladder
- cystic ducts
- common bile duct
- hepatic artery proper
- hepatic vein
- left hepatic artery
- right hepatic artery
- common hepatic duct
- cystic artery
what is the porta hepatis
entrance to the liver
contents of the porta hepatis
- hepatic portal vein
- hepatic artery proper
- common hepatic duct
blood supply to the liver
heaptic artery proper
hepatic portal vein
origin of the artery in the porta hepatis
abdominal aorta–> celiac trunk–> common hepatic artery–> hepatic artery proper
origin of the vein in the porta hepatis
the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein, posterior to the pancreas, forms the hepatic portal vein
where does the heaptic portal vein carry venous blood from?
- small intestine
- large intestine
- stomach
- pancreas
- gallbladder
- spleen
hepatic portal system
the portal system is a connection between two capillary beds
- nutrient-rish venous blood drains from the stomach and intestines and travels to the liver for processing
steps of the heaptic portal system
- small intestine absorbs products of digestion
- nutrient molecules travel in hepatic portal vein to liver
- liver monitors blood content
- blood enters general circulation by way of the hepatic veins, which empty into the inferior vena cava
processing at the liver
- lobules are the functional unit of the liver
- they are hexagonal in shape
- at the center of each lobule, there is a central vein
- at each corner, theres a portal area containing a portal triad
portal area
contains triad of:
- a small branch of the hepatic portal vein
- a small branch of the hepatic artery proper
- a bile duct
blood flow of the portal area
blood provided by the hepatic artery proper and the hepatic portal vein flows from portal area towards the central vein
- as blood flows towards the center, hepatocytes absorb and secrete substance, altering the blood entering systemic circulation
what do the central veins coalesce into
hepatic veins
hepatic veins
filtered blood passes from central veins to hepatic veins, drains into the inferior vena cava, eventually emptying into the right atrium of the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body
bile flow of the portal area
- hepatocytes produce bile and the bile flows outward to portal areas
1. small projections called bil canaliculi carry bile to the bile duct of the closest portal area
2. bile duct branch which leads to the rest of the duct system
hepatic artery proper
delivers oxygenated blood to the liver
hepatic portal vein
delivers deoxygenated, but nutrient rich blood from the digestive tract
common hepatic duct
carries bile produced by the liver away
which of the following is not in the porta hepatis
1. hepatic artery proper
2. common hepatic duct
3. hepatic portal vein
4. hepatic vein
4
exocrine function of pancreas
- produces digestive enzymes and alkaline buffers to neutralize acidic chyme
- duct system within pancreas carries the fluid to the duodenum
endocrine function of pancreas
produces hormones like insulin
- secreted into interstitial fluid and then into the blood stream
loaction of pancreas
- 15 cm long
- pinkish, grey
- located posterior to the stomach
- head of the pancreas is nestled in the curve of the duodenum
- extends left, toward the spleen
parts of the pancreas
- head
- pancreatic duct
- accessory pancreatic duct
- neck
- uncinate process of pancreas
- body
- tail
blood supply to pancreas
arterial supply:
branches of the splenic artery and the pancreaticoduodenal artery
venous drainage:
splenic vein
where does the gallbladder and pancreas empty into the
duodenum
gallbladder and pancreas into the duodenum
- secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas are transported to the duodenum via duct systems
- the fluids enter the duodenum through papilla (small rounded things on the organ)
The ____ and the ___ both empty into the ampulla of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla
common bile duct, pancreatic duct
what drains into the minor duodenal papilla
accessory pancreatic duct
