accessory digestive organs

Question 1

accessory digestive organs

Answer 1

include:
- liver
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- salivary glands

Question 2

function of accessory digestive organs

Answer 2

• produce, store, and secrete digestive enzymes and buffers
• both the liver and pancreas have function in other body system

Question 3

liver

Answer 3

is the largest vsceral organ and has a mass of 1.5kg
- has multiple functions

Question 4

functions of the liver

Answer 4

1. metabolic: hepatocytes regulate circulating levels of nutrients; remove metabolic wastes and toxins
2. hematological: acts as a blood reservoir, filters circulating debris
3. digestive: synthesizes and secretes bile

Question 5

location of liver

Answer 5

• immediately inferior to the diaphragm, in the right upper abdomen
• sits superior and lateral to the stomach, right kidney, and intestines

Question 6

surfaces of the liver Diaphragmatic surface

Answer 6

Diaphragmatic surface:
- superior and anterior surfaces, smooth and follows curve of diaphragm and body wall

Question 7

what is the bare area

Answer 7

area of liver in direct contact with the diaphragm, no visceral peritoneum

Question 8

surface of liver: visceral surface

Answer 8

• posterior and inferior surfaces, has impressions from the stomach, right kidney, intestines(S + L)

Question 9

lobes of the liver

Answer 9

• right lobe
• left lobe
• caudate lobe (posterior)
• quadrate lobe (posterior)

Question 10

ligaments of the liver

Answer 10

falciform ligament
coronary ligament
right and left triangular ligament
round ligament

Question 11

falciform ligament

Answer 11

attaches liver to anterior body wall and divides the liver into right and left lobes

Question 12

coronary ligament

Answer 12

suspends liver from the diaphragm

Question 13

right and left triangular ligament

Answer 13

on superior aspect, towards lateral body wall

Question 14

round ligament

Answer 14

thickening of inferior margin of falciform ligament, embryological remnant of umbilical vein

Question 15

which ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm
a. falciform
b. coronary
c. triangular
d. round

Answer 15

b.

Question 16

about the gallbladder

Answer 16

• stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
• bile helps in the digestion of dietary lipids through emulsification

Question 17

location of gallbladder

Answer 17

• hollow, pear-shaped, muscular sac on the right visceral surface of the liver
• lateral to the stomach
• closely related to the duodenum

Question 18

parts of the gallbladder

Answer 18

• cystic duct
• neck
• infundibulum
• fundus

Question 19

what connects the liver and gallbladder

Answer 19

ducts
- the common hepatic duct joins cystic duct to from the common bile duct
- the common bile duct empties in the duodenum

Question 20

gallbladder blood supply

Answer 20

arterial supply:
- cystic artery (branch of hepatic artery proper)

venous drainage:
- cystic vein into the hepatic portal vein

Question 21

gross ananoty of the gallbladder

Answer 21

• cystic ducts
• common bile duct
• hepatic artery proper
• hepatic vein
• left hepatic artery
• right hepatic artery
• common hepatic duct
• cystic artery

Question 22

what is the porta hepatis

Answer 22

entrance to the liver

Question 23

contents of the porta hepatis

Answer 23

• hepatic portal vein
• hepatic artery proper
• common hepatic duct

Question 24

blood supply to the liver

Answer 24

heaptic artery proper
hepatic portal vein

Question 25

origin of the artery in the porta hepatis

Answer 25

abdominal aorta--> celiac trunk--> common hepatic artery--> hepatic artery proper

Question 26

origin of the vein in the porta hepatis

Answer 26

the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein, posterior to the pancreas, forms the hepatic portal vein

Question 27

where does the heaptic portal vein carry venous blood from?

Answer 27

- small intestine - large intestine - stomach - pancreas - gallbladder - spleen

Question 28

hepatic portal system

Answer 28

the portal system is a connection between two capillary beds - nutrient-rish venous blood drains from the stomach and intestines and travels to the liver for processing

Question 29

steps of the heaptic portal system

Answer 29

1. small intestine absorbs products of digestion 2. nutrient molecules travel in hepatic portal vein to liver 3. liver monitors blood content 4. blood enters general circulation by way of the hepatic veins, which empty into the inferior vena cava

Question 30

processing at the liver

Answer 30

- lobules are the functional unit of the liver - they are hexagonal in shape - at the center of each lobule, there is a central vein - at each corner, theres a portal area containing a portal triad

Question 31

portal area

Answer 31

contains triad of: - a small branch of the hepatic portal vein - a small branch of the hepatic artery proper - a bile duct

Question 32

blood flow of the portal area

Answer 32

blood provided by the hepatic artery proper and the hepatic portal vein flows from portal area towards the central vein - as blood flows towards the center, hepatocytes absorb and secrete substance, altering the blood entering systemic circulation

Question 33

what do the central veins coalesce into

Answer 33

hepatic veins

Question 34

hepatic veins

Answer 34

filtered blood passes from central veins to hepatic veins, drains into the inferior vena cava, eventually emptying into the right atrium of the heart to be pumped to the rest of the body

Question 35

bile flow of the portal area

Answer 35

- hepatocytes produce bile and the bile flows outward to portal areas 1. small projections called bil canaliculi carry bile to the bile duct of the closest portal area 2. bile duct branch which leads to the rest of the duct system

Question 36

hepatic artery proper

Answer 36

delivers oxygenated blood to the liver

Question 37

hepatic portal vein

Answer 37

delivers deoxygenated, but nutrient rich blood from the digestive tract

Question 38

common hepatic duct

Answer 38

carries bile produced by the liver away

Question 39

which of the following is not in the porta hepatis 1. hepatic artery proper 2. common hepatic duct 3. hepatic portal vein 4. hepatic vein

Answer 39

4

Question 40

exocrine function of pancreas

Answer 40

- produces digestive enzymes and alkaline buffers to neutralize acidic chyme - duct system within pancreas carries the fluid to the duodenum

Question 41

endocrine function of pancreas

Answer 41

produces hormones like insulin - secreted into interstitial fluid and then into the blood stream

Question 42

loaction of pancreas

Answer 42

- 15 cm long - pinkish, grey - located posterior to the stomach - head of the pancreas is nestled in the curve of the duodenum - extends left, toward the spleen

Question 43

parts of the pancreas

Answer 43

- head - pancreatic duct - accessory pancreatic duct - neck - uncinate process of pancreas - body - tail

Question 44

blood supply to pancreas

Answer 44

arterial supply: branches of the splenic artery and the pancreaticoduodenal artery venous drainage: splenic vein

Question 45

where does the gallbladder and pancreas empty into the

Answer 45

duodenum

Question 46

gallbladder and pancreas into the duodenum

Answer 46

- secretions from the gallbladder and pancreas are transported to the duodenum via duct systems - the fluids enter the duodenum through papilla (small rounded things on the organ)

Question 47

The ____ and the ___ both empty into the ampulla of the duodenum at the major duodenal papilla

Answer 47

common bile duct, pancreatic duct

Question 48

what drains into the minor duodenal papilla

Answer 48

accessory pancreatic duct