abdominal wall

Question 1

anterolateral abdominal wall

Answer 1

• external obliques
• internal obliques
• transversus abdominis

Question 2

anterior abdominal wall

Answer 2

rectus abdominins
rectus sheath

Question 3

external oblique

Answer 3

o: ribs 5-12
I: iliac crest & pubis
A: bilateral: flexion of trunk, Unilateral: contralateral rotation of trunk

Question 4

interal oblique

Answer 4

O: ingunial ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
I: ribs 10-12
A: bilateral: abdominal compression UNilateral: ipsilateral rotation

Question 5

transversus abdominis

Answer 5

O: costal margin, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
I: linea alba, exiphoid process, pubis symphysis
A: rotation and flexion of the trunk

Question 6

rectus abdominis

Answer 6

O: pubic bone
I: xiphoid process, ribs 5-7
A: trunk flexion, aides in pelvic stability

Question 7

rectus sheath

Answer 7

surrounds rectus abdominis anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 8

what is the rectus sheath formed by?

Answer 8

external oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique aponeurosis
transversus abdominus aponeurosis

Question 9

what are the layers of the rectus sheath dependent on

Answer 9

location
- arcuate line
- between the umbilicus and pubis

Question 10

rectus sheath- above the arcuate line

Answer 10

anterior rectus sheath
- external oblique aponeurosis
- 1/2 internal oblique aponeurosis

posterior rectus sheath
- 1/2 internal oblique aponeursis
- transveruss abdominis aponeurosis

Question 11

rectus sheath- below the arcuate line

Answer 11

anterior rectus sheath
- external oblique aponeurosis
- internal oblique aponeurosis
- transversus abdominis aponeurosis

transversalis fascia
- in direct contact with rectus abdominis

Question 12

which of the following are in correct order from superifical to deep around the rectus abdominis muscle at the level of the umbilicus

1. external oblique ap
2. transversus abdominis ap
3. rectus abdominis
4. internal oblique ap
   a. 1,4,2,3,4
   b. 1,4,3,4,2,
   c. 2,4,3,4,1
   d. 4,1,3,2,4

Answer 12

b

Question 13

posterior abdominal wall muscles

Answer 13

• psoas minor
• quadratus lumborum
• psoas major
• illicacus

Question 14

illiacus

Answer 14

O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion & external rotation of the hip

Question 15

psoas major

Answer 15

O: transverse processes T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of the hip

Question 16

psoas minor

Answer 16

O: lateral aspect of T12-L1
I: iliopectineal line
A: assists in trunk flexion

Question 17

quadratus lumborum

Answer 17

O: iliac crest
I: transverse processes of L1-L5, rib 12
A: bilateral: extension of trunk Unilateral: lateral flexion of trunk

Question 18

inguinal region

Answer 18

surface anatomy
- left and right of the hypogastric region
key structures
- inguninal ligament
- inguinal canal

Question 19

bony attachments of inguinal ligament

Answer 19

• ASIS
• Pubis

Question 20

functions of inguinal ligament

Answer 20

• anchors abdominal muscles
• supports soft tissues of the groin

Question 21

inguinal canal

Answer 21

• lower anterior abdominal wall
• extends from deep inguinal right–> superifical inguinal ring

Question 22

superficial inguinal ring

Answer 22

opening in external oblique aponeurosis

Question 23

deep inguinal ring

Answer 23

evagination in transversalis fascia
- deepest layer

Question 24

borders of the inguinal canal

Answer 24

anterior wall: external oblique
posterior wall: transversalis fascia
inferior (floor): inguinal ligament
superior (roof): fibers of transversus abdominis and internal oblique

Question 25

inguinal canal - males (contents)

Answer 25

• spermatic cord
• gonadal vessels (testicular a & v)
• ilioinguinal nerve
• lymphatics

Question 26

inguinal canal - females (contents)

Answer 26

round ligament of the uterus
ilioinguinal nerve
lymphatics

Question 27

which of the following statements are INCORRECT?
a. the inguinal canal evainates the transversalis fascia to form the deep inguinal ring
b. the inguinal canal contains the spermatic cord, gonadal vessels, iliophypogastic nerve, and lymphattics in males
d. the inguinal ligament makes up the floor of the inguinal canal

Answer 27

b

Question 28

sensory innervation

Answer 28

dermatomes
- cutaneous innervation
- arranged in inferiorly sloping parallel rows around the abdomen
- clinically relevant dermatomes:
T10 (umbilical), L1 (inguinal)

Question 29

innervation motor

Answer 29

• thoracoabdominal nerves (T7- T11)
• subscostal nerve (T12)
• lumbar plexus (L1)
  iliohypogastric N
  ilioinguinal N

Question 30

lumbar plexus

Answer 30

• posterior abdominal wall
• lumbar spinal nerves L1-L4
• innervation mainly to the lower limb

Question 31

lymphatic drainage- superficial

Answer 31

drains cutaneous & subsutaneous structures
above the umbilicus
- axillary nodes
below the umbilicus
- superficial inguinal nodes

Question 32

lymphatic drainage- deep

Answer 32

deep drainage below the umbilicus
- superifical inguinal nodes
- deep inguinal nodes
- common iliac nodes
- lumbar nodes

Question 33

lymphatic drainage- return to venous circulation (L&R abdomen below the umbilicus)

Answer 33

• cisterna chyli
• axillary nodes (left)
• thoracic ducts

Question 34

lymphatic drainage- return to venous circulation (R abdomen above the umbilicus)

Answer 34

• axillary nodes (right)
• right lymphatic duct

Question 35

what is the correct pathway of lymphatic drainage from the superficial abdomen on the right side of the body above the umbilicus?

a. superfical inguinal nodes–> deep inguinal nodes–> common iliac nodes–> lumbar nodes–> cisterna chyli—> thoracic duct
b. deep inguinal nodes –> common iliac nodes–> lumbar nodes–> cisterna chyli–> thoracic duct
c. axillary nodes–> right lymphatic duct
d. axillary nodes–> thoracic duct

Answer 35

c