abdominal wall Flashcards
anterolateral abdominal wall
- external obliques
- internal obliques
- transversus abdominis
anterior abdominal wall
rectus abdominins
rectus sheath
external oblique
o: ribs 5-12
I: iliac crest & pubis
A: bilateral: flexion of trunk, Unilateral: contralateral rotation of trunk
interal oblique
O: ingunial ligament, iliac crest, lumbodorsal fascia
I: ribs 10-12
A: bilateral: abdominal compression UNilateral: ipsilateral rotation
transversus abdominis
O: costal margin, iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia
I: linea alba, exiphoid process, pubis symphysis
A: rotation and flexion of the trunk
rectus abdominis
O: pubic bone
I: xiphoid process, ribs 5-7
A: trunk flexion, aides in pelvic stability
rectus sheath
surrounds rectus abdominis anteriorly and posteriorly
what is the rectus sheath formed by?
external oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique aponeurosis
transversus abdominus aponeurosis
what are the layers of the rectus sheath dependent on
location
- arcuate line
- between the umbilicus and pubis
rectus sheath- above the arcuate line
anterior rectus sheath
- external oblique aponeurosis
- 1/2 internal oblique aponeurosis
posterior rectus sheath
- 1/2 internal oblique aponeursis
- transveruss abdominis aponeurosis
rectus sheath- below the arcuate line
anterior rectus sheath
- external oblique aponeurosis
- internal oblique aponeurosis
- transversus abdominis aponeurosis
transversalis fascia
- in direct contact with rectus abdominis
which of the following are in correct order from superifical to deep around the rectus abdominis muscle at the level of the umbilicus
- external oblique ap
- transversus abdominis ap
- rectus abdominis
- internal oblique ap
a. 1,4,2,3,4
b. 1,4,3,4,2,
c. 2,4,3,4,1
d. 4,1,3,2,4
b
posterior abdominal wall muscles
- psoas minor
- quadratus lumborum
- psoas major
- illicacus
illiacus
O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion & external rotation of the hip
psoas major
O: transverse processes T12-L5
I: lesser trochanter
A: flexion of the hip
psoas minor
O: lateral aspect of T12-L1
I: iliopectineal line
A: assists in trunk flexion
quadratus lumborum
O: iliac crest
I: transverse processes of L1-L5, rib 12
A: bilateral: extension of trunk Unilateral: lateral flexion of trunk
inguinal region
surface anatomy
- left and right of the hypogastric region
key structures
- inguninal ligament
- inguinal canal
bony attachments of inguinal ligament
- ASIS
- Pubis
functions of inguinal ligament
- anchors abdominal muscles
- supports soft tissues of the groin
inguinal canal
- lower anterior abdominal wall
- extends from deep inguinal right–> superifical inguinal ring
superficial inguinal ring
opening in external oblique aponeurosis
deep inguinal ring
evagination in transversalis fascia
- deepest layer
borders of the inguinal canal
anterior wall: external oblique
posterior wall: transversalis fascia
inferior (floor): inguinal ligament
superior (roof): fibers of transversus abdominis and internal oblique
inguinal canal - males (contents)
- spermatic cord
- gonadal vessels (testicular a & v)
- ilioinguinal nerve
- lymphatics
inguinal canal - females (contents)
round ligament of the uterus
ilioinguinal nerve
lymphatics
which of the following statements are INCORRECT?
a. the inguinal canal evainates the transversalis fascia to form the deep inguinal ring
b. the inguinal canal contains the spermatic cord, gonadal vessels, iliophypogastic nerve, and lymphattics in males
d. the inguinal ligament makes up the floor of the inguinal canal
b
sensory innervation
dermatomes
- cutaneous innervation
- arranged in inferiorly sloping parallel rows around the abdomen
- clinically relevant dermatomes:
T10 (umbilical), L1 (inguinal)
innervation motor
- thoracoabdominal nerves (T7- T11)
- subscostal nerve (T12)
- lumbar plexus (L1)
iliohypogastric N
ilioinguinal N
lumbar plexus
- posterior abdominal wall
- lumbar spinal nerves L1-L4
- innervation mainly to the lower limb
lymphatic drainage- superficial
drains cutaneous & subsutaneous structures
above the umbilicus
- axillary nodes
below the umbilicus
- superficial inguinal nodes
lymphatic drainage- deep
deep drainage below the umbilicus
- superifical inguinal nodes
- deep inguinal nodes
- common iliac nodes
- lumbar nodes
lymphatic drainage- return to venous circulation (L&R abdomen below the umbilicus)
- cisterna chyli
- axillary nodes (left)
- thoracic ducts
lymphatic drainage- return to venous circulation (R abdomen above the umbilicus)
- axillary nodes (right)
- right lymphatic duct
what is the correct pathway of lymphatic drainage from the superficial abdomen on the right side of the body above the umbilicus?
a. superfical inguinal nodes–> deep inguinal nodes–> common iliac nodes–> lumbar nodes–> cisterna chyli—> thoracic duct
b. deep inguinal nodes –> common iliac nodes–> lumbar nodes–> cisterna chyli–> thoracic duct
c. axillary nodes–> right lymphatic duct
d. axillary nodes–> thoracic duct
c
