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anatomy 2 > the pelvis > Flashcards

the pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

2 functions of the pelvis

A
  • girdle for lower limb attachment - force transduction

- basin to hold pelvic viscera

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2
Q

force transduction

A

allows force to be transduced from the ground through bone

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3
Q

pelvic girdle is made up of

A

sacrum and 2 os coxa

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4
Q

os coxa

A

three bones that fuse during development

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5
Q

broad pelvis

A

distance covered by momentum moving over a fixed limb is larger
increased the efficiency in bipedalism

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6
Q

distance between acetabulum and the scare-iliac joint is short

A

centre of mass is vertically closer to the hip joint - easier to control and balance

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7
Q

rickets

A

issues with the composition of the bone of the pelvis

bones can bend in pathological ways due to force transduction

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8
Q

pelvic inlet/brim defines

A

true pelvis - beneath it

false pelvis - above it

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9
Q

pelvic brim is the same as

A

pelvic inlet

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10
Q

sacral promontory

A

part of the S1 vertebral body protruding into the pelvis

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11
Q

pubic symphysis

A

anterior mechanical link between limbs
weaker than posterior link
bone on with side (pubic bone), N plate cartilage and fibrous cartilage in the middle
capsular ligaments thickened at the top and the bottom - superior and inferior pubic ligament

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12
Q

joint cavities

A
  • can be due to trauma
  • common in multiparous women
  • fibrous cartilage tears
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13
Q

sacroiliac joint

A

synovial joint
auricular surfaces articulate
auricular cavity - not fully connected

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14
Q

capsular ligaments in the sacroiliac joint

A

ventral sacroiliac - thin

dorsal interosseous sacroiliac - very thick, resists more forces

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15
Q

sacrospinous ligament

A

between sacrum and spine off the ischium

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16
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

from the sacrum to the ischial tuberosity

17
Q

iliolumbar

A

between L5 and the ilium

18
Q

coronal and forntal stability

A

keystone principle
SI joint can slip in the coronal plane - wedges itself
resisted by dorsal interosseous and iliolumbar ligament

19
Q

more slip of the SI joint

A

means more tension on the ligaments
holds ileum to sacrum more securely
limits further movement

20
Q

functional leg length discrepency

A

changes in where the joint is positioned

causes difference in legs length due to SI joint

21
Q

lumbosacral joint and sagittal stability

A

joint is steeply sloped
60 degrees for males and up to 80 in females
force on lumbar to slip anteriorly

22
Q

resistance to lumbar slipping

A

dorsal ligaments
iliolumbar ligaments
neural arch components (articular processes)

prevent arteries displacement

23
Q

tendency of the sacrum to rotate forwards relative to the ilium is resisted by

A

dorsal interosseous SI ligament
sacrotubuerous ligament
sacrospinous ligament

24
Q

greater sciatic foramen is formed by

A

sacrotuberous ligament

25
Q

lesser sciatic foramen is formed by

A

sacrospinous ligament

26
Q

what plugs up the obturator foramen

A

obturator muscles - internal and external

internus tendon passes through lesser sciatic foramen

27
Q

what covers obturator internus muscle

A

obturator fascia

forms attatchemtn for the pelvic diaphragm

28
Q

what passes through the obturator canal

A

obturator nerve and vessels

29
Q

what passes through the greater sciatic Foramen

A
  • piritoforms muscle
  • sciatic nerve
  • gluteal nerves and vessels
  • pudendal nerves and vessels
30
Q

what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

A
  • obturator inernus tendon

- pedundal nerve and vessels

31
Q

what closes the pelvic outlet

A

pelvic floor - levator ani

  • all support abdomino pelvic viscera
  • elevates anal canal
  • made from 3 muscles - used to be 4
32
Q

levator ani is made up of

A
  1. pubococcygeus
  2. iliococcygeus
  3. puborectalis
33
Q

sexual dimorphism in male pelvis

A

external features related to load bearing and muscle attachment tend to be bigger

34
Q

sexual dimorphism in female pelvis

A

internal diameters are larger

  • predict likelihood of successful vaginal delivery
  • creates larger and rounder pelvic cavity
35
Q

male pelvis internal morphology

A

has less variation - not an evolutionary pressure

36
Q

bipedalism changes pregnancy centre of mass issues

A

increased tendency to fall forwards
the hormone relaxin makes ligament stretchier - decreases joint stability
lordotic curve supports baby weight

37
Q

lordotic curve

A

adaptation made to avoid and reduce pressure of prolapse due to upright body position

anatomy 2 (22 decks)

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