GIT blood and nerve supply

Question 1

viteline system originates from

Answer 1

the yolk sac

Question 2

4 groups of embryonic get vasculature

Answer 2

1. aortic arches
2. vitalise system
3. umbilical system
4. cardinal veins

Question 3

viteline system function

Answer 3

to deliver nutrient rich blood to the heart

Question 4

unpaired arteries come from

Answer 4

splanchnic LP-mesoderm

Question 5

unpaired arteries start off as being

Answer 5

bilateral, then move toward the midline as the umbilical cord starts to get formed

Question 6

as folding occurs and the umbilical cord is formed

Answer 6

the unpaired arteries are fused - single dorsal aorta

Question 7

paired abdominal aortic branches

Answer 7

foregut - coeliac trunk
midgut - superior mesenteric
hindgut - inferior mesenteric

Question 8

the unpaired aortic branches define

Answer 8

define the developmental gut segments

Question 9

coeliac artery

Answer 9

found around the aortic hiatus of diaphragm

has three branches each with three further branches

Question 10

3 primary branches of the coeliac trunk

Answer 10

1. left gastric
2. splenic
3. common hepatic

Question 11

three branches of the eft gastric branch

Answer 11

left gastric
oesophageal
accessory hepatic

Question 12

three branches of the splenic branch of the coeliac trunk

Answer 12

splenic
short gastric
left gastro-epiploic

Question 13

three branches of the common hepatic branch of the coeliac trunk

Answer 13

gastroduodenal
right gastric
hepatic proper

Question 14

three branches of the gasproduodenal branch of the common hepatic branch of the coeliac trunk

Answer 14

right gastro-epiploic
supra duodenal
superior pancreatic duodenal

Question 15

three branches of the hepatic proper branch of the common hepatic branch of the coeliac artery

Answer 15

L hepatic
R hepatic
Cystic

Question 16

lesser omentum of the ventral mesentery of the forget

Answer 16

right and left gastric arteries

Question 17

hepatoduodenal of the ventral mesentery of the foregut

Answer 17

• proper hepatic artery
• portal vein
• common bile duct

Question 18

dorsal mesenteries

Answer 18

spleno-renal
gastro-splenic
greater omentum

Question 19

superior mesenteric artery

Answer 19

midget

found just above the duodenum

Question 20

6 branches of the superior mesenteric artery

Answer 20

inferior pancreaticoduodenal 
jejunal branches 
ileal branches 
ileocolic 
right colic 
middle colic

Question 21

inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 21

hindgut

closer to aortic bifurcation

Question 22

3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

Answer 22

1. left colic
2. sigmoid
3. superior rectal

Question 23

watersheds

Answer 23

occur at gut junctions
if the marginal artery doesn’t fuse together - areas supplied by two different arteries
fusion point may not get blood flow
may become necrotic or become narrowed

Question 24

anastomoses

Answer 24

an alternative route/ssupply

Question 25

jejunum branches

Answer 25

short arcades, long vasa recta

Question 26

ileal branches

Answer 26

long arcades, short vasa recta

Question 27

intraperitoneal artery of the midgut

Answer 27

the mesentery proper

middle colic - proximal 2/3 transverse mesocolon

Question 28

organs of the portal system are supplied by

Answer 28

paired aortic arteries

derived from viteline veins

Question 29

functions of the portal system

Answer 29

high nutrient blood passes through the liver before the heart for 1st pass processing
reabsorbed products back to the liver - recycling

Question 30

portal vein length

Answer 30

a few cm long
union of superior and mesenteric veins
common that all 3 major veins going at the same place

Question 31

porto-caval anastomoses

Answer 31

of portal resistance is too high, blood is forced in other directions
areas where organs can drain from the gut tube straight into systemic circulation without going through the hepatic system

Question 32

porto-caval anastomoses are found

Answer 32

at the start and finish of the gut tube
caudal oesophaguss via azygous veins
recto-anal junction via middle and inferior rectal veins

Question 33

para-umbilical anastomoses

Answer 33

if the liver has a lot of pressure, the blood may be prevented from draining through the liver
blood from the liver empty back toward the umbilicus via the small veins around it that drain the skin
called caput medusae due to presence of visible veins

Question 34

bare areas

Answer 34

drain to retroparitoneal organs via veins of the body wall, or renal veins

Question 35

gut autonomic nervous system parasympathetic

Answer 35

splanchopluere only
increase blood flow to gut
increase gut, gall bladder and duct mortality
increase glandular secretions

Question 36

autonomic parasympathetic nerves

Answer 36

vagus nerve - foregut and midgut

pelvic splanchnic nerves - midgut

Question 37

vagus nerve

Answer 37

thoracic, foregut and midgut

enters abdomen on either side of the oesophagus

Question 38

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 38

supply hindgut and pelvic organs

Question 39

gut autonomic nervous system sympathetic

Answer 39

innervates splanchnopleure and somatopluere

reduced gut function

Question 40

white rami communicans

Answer 40

none in cervical or below L2

only exist between T1- L1

Question 41

foregut nerve of the ANS sympathetic system

Answer 41

coeliac ganglion (greater)

Question 42

midgut nerve of the ANS sympathetic system

Answer 42

superior mesenteric ganglion

Question 43

hindgut nerve of the ANS sympathetic system

Answer 43

inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 44

visceral pain

Answer 44

referred pain
referred to dermatomes where sympathetic nerve derived from
dull poorly defined aches felt over entire dermatome

Question 45

somatic pain

Answer 45

pain felt locally on body wall when affected organ touches it
sharp and specific

Question 46

phrenic nerve C3-5 referred pain

Answer 46

irritation form organs coming into contact with the diaphragm
eg. heart, liver, gallbladder
pain felt over dermatomes C3-5