development of the endocrine system

Question 1

pituitary gland develops in

Answer 1

rathe’s puch

Question 2

rathke’s such made of

Answer 2

stomodeum and oropharyngeal membrane

Question 3

stomodeum

Answer 3

invagination of surface ectoderm

Question 4

posterior pituitary derived from

Answer 4

forebrain - neural tube ectoderm

fulll of neurones connected to hypothalamic neurons

Question 5

anterior pituitary derived from

Answer 5

surface ecoderm of rathke’s pouch

glandular appearance

Question 6

pineal gland

Answer 6

neurologically linked to retina’s photoreceptors

secretes melatonin to set the circadian rhythm

Question 7

calcification of the pineal gland

Answer 7

can occur from 2 years old
melatonin inhibits hypothalamic GnRH secretion
precocious puberty associated with pineal tumours

Question 8

origin of the thyroid

Answer 8

foramen caecum of the tongue

Question 9

how does the thyroid migrate

Answer 9

through the tongue into the neck
through thyroglossal duct which later closes off
arrests inferior to thyroid cartilage

Question 10

increase in TH in late fatal period stimulates development of

Answer 10

brown fat - mechanism for non-shivering thermgenesis

Question 11

adrenal glands develop from

Answer 11

adrenal ridge

only cleaved from the gonad once primordial germ cells enter the gonad

Question 12

medullar cells of the adrenal glands are formed from

Answer 12

neural crest cells
become chromaffin cells
specialised post synaptic autonomic nerve cells
pre-synaptic sympathetic nerves release ACh directly on chromaffin cells
synthesis and secrete adrenaline and noradrenaline

Question 13

cortex develops from

Answer 13

LP-mesodern
2 waves
1. fetal cortex
2. definitive adult cortex

Question 14

fetal adrenal gland

Answer 14

secrete DHEA
converted to estradiol by the placenta
regulated maturation of the lungs, GIT, and regulate partition and other perimaternal adaptations

Question 15

definitive cortical cells

Answer 15

encapsulate the fetal cortex and the developing medulla

no zona reticularis in a feu s

Question 16

zona reticularis

Answer 16

doesn’t develop until ~3yo

Question 17

endocrine pancreas develops from

Answer 17

endodermal epithelium

Question 18

pancreas islet cells are functional from

Answer 18

week 10

Question 19

the number of islet cells are set during

Answer 19

fetal development

Question 20

each pharyngeal arch has

Answer 20

a nerve
a blood vessel
a skeletal component

Question 21

with arch disappears in human

Answer 21

5th

transient arch

Question 22

clefts

Answer 22

spaces between the arches

Question 23

1st puch

Answer 23

ear drum

Question 24

2nd pouch

Answer 24

palatine tonsil

Question 25

3rd pouch

Answer 25

inferior parathyroid glands and thymus

Question 26

4th pouch

Answer 26

superior parathyroid glands and ultimobronchial body

Question 27

thyroid starts to develop from

Answer 27

foramen caecum

Question 28

ultimobrinchial body gives rise to

Answer 28

C cells of the thyroid gland

release calcitonin to lower calcium concentration

Question 29

fusion of gills creates

Answer 29

clefts and pouches

Question 30

what forms C cells of the thyroid

Answer 30

4th pouch

Question 31

what forms the thymus

Answer 31

3rd puch

Question 32

what forms the parathyroid

Answer 32

2 inferior from 3rd pouch and 2 superior from 4th pouch