Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

anatomy 2 > histological patterns in the gut tube > Flashcards

histological patterns in the gut tube Flashcards

1
Q

lumen

A

cavity inside tube for passage of substrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

mucosa

A

epithelium
lamina propria - CT supporting the epithelium
muscularis mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lamina propia

A

CT supporting the peithium in the mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

submucosa

A

loose CT with nerves and blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

muscularis externa

A

inner - circular (thickened into sphincters in places)

outer - longitudinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

adventitia/serosa

A

adventitia - retroperitoneal surfaces

serosa - peritoneal surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tubes that are retroperitoneal have

A

adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

oesophagus

A

stratified squamous epithelium (non-keratinised)

transport of rough and dry foods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

oesophagus starts from

A

cricopharyngeus muscle

at the lower border of inferior constrictor muscle of the pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

cricopharyngeus muscle

A

upper sphincter of the oesophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscle actions of the oesophagus

A

skeletal muscle in the upper oesophagus - rapid movement of food past the airway
smooth muscle - distal end, provides peristaltic wave contraction and is energetically efficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

smooth muscle of the oesophagus

A

middle has a combination of smooth and skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

skeletal muscle

A

circular and longitudinal layers in the muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

epithelium of the oesophagus

A

stratified squamous epithelium

  • abrasive protection from dry and larger sized food
  • not keratinised, moist surface
  • no digestion or absorption here
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mucous glands in oesophagus

A

in mucosa and submucosa

- lubricates the passage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

fundus, body, pyloric antrum, pyloric canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

storage of the stomach

A

0.2L - 4L
rugae in mucosa allow for expansion and contraction
extent of rugae is indicative of distension of stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what gets trapped in the fundus

A

gas - burps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

control of the stomach

A

sphincters

  • cardiac sphincter at the proximal end with the oesophagus
  • pyloric sphincter with the duodenum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

cardiac sphincter

A

prevents reflux with help from the diaphragm

assisted by diaphragm contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

releases aliquots of chyme to duodenum
much thinker than cardiac
smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

digestion

A

mechanical - additional oblique muscle layer for churning

enzymatic and acid - from gastric glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

protection of the stomach

A
  1. from its own acids - mucus lining (alkaline) from secretory sheath and neck regions of glands
  2. from pathogens - acids and enzymes hell kill pH 1.5-3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pH of stomach

A

1.5 - 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
absorption in the stomach
only some simply columnar epithelium water and some medicines
26
fundus
surface epithelial cells produce mucus and form mucus pits straight gland orientation chief cells and parietal cells G cells and D cells found in the deep body of these glands
27
chief cells
produce pepsinogen which is a precursor for pepsin
28
parietal cells
large cells, acidophilic cytoplasm | on the parietal side of the gland
29
G and D cells in the fundus
mostly G cells which secrete gastrin - triggers HCL secretion from parietal cells - converts pepsinogen to active pepsin form
30
pyloric part of the stomach
coiled mucous glands with deep bits mainly chief cells D-cells are common, as somostatin inhibits G cells acid homeostasis
31
main function of the small intestine
absorption of nutrient and water - large surface area | auto regulation and propulsion
32
auto regulation and propulsion in small intestine
smooth muscle peristalsis of muscular externa | goblet cells/mucus glands
33
place circulares in the small intestine
submucosal and mucosal folds make the diameter of the lumen small so when things are going through they cover the walls wall are in contact with substrate to allow for absorption to occur
34
villi in the small intestine
increase surface area epithelial cells line the villi villi line the plicae circulars
35
microvilli in the small intestine
line the epithelial cells on the villi micro folds in the cell membrane - brush border increase surface area
36
duodenum
simple columnar microvilli and very few goblet cells large villi with crypts - larger compared to others place circulars
37
villi in the duodenum
really large
38
place circularis in the duodenum
some | mainly further down
39
function of the duodenum
chemical digestion | some absorption's
40
chemical digestion in the duodenum
biliary secretions enter via the duodenal papilla and stomach acids
41
how does the duodenum avoid digesting itself
submucosal glands secrete alkaline mucous via ducts | large gland concentrates mucous in one area
42
why are there no goblet cells in the duodenum
not needed in the duct system - submucosal glands instead
43
jejunum and ileum
simply columnar microvilli and goblet cells with no submucosal glands
44
jejunum
upper 2/5 of the small intestine many place circulars large villi short crypts
45
ileum
lower 3/5 of the small intestine fewer place circulars thin/small villi deeper crypts
46
absorption of nutrients and water
highly vascular - transports absorbed carbs and proteins | lacteals - lymphatic vessels that transport absorbed fats
47
auto regulation and propulsion in the jejunum and ileum
smooth muscle - peristalsis of muscular externa | controlled via myenteric nerve plexus
48
lacteals
lymphatic vessels that transport absorbed fats within a villous thin walled structure
49
myenteric nerve plexus
post ganglionic nerves of parasympathetic system found between circular and longitudinal layers of muscular externa deep fibres penetrate to become submucosal plexus
50
protection of the jejunum and ileum from pathogens
Peyer's patches of the ileum - lymph nodules in mucosa (MALT) and submucosa specialised intraepithelial pockets - contain B and T cells paneth cells in crypts - secrete lysozyme
51
what has peyer's patches
ileum
52
what are peyer's patches
lymph nodules in the mucosa (MALT) and submucosa | distinguishes ileum from jejunum
53
what happens to peyer's patches
involute during adulthood
54
paneth cells
secrete lysozyme regulate bacterial environment in crops more In ileum, also found in appendix
55
protection of the jejunum and ileum from faeces
more goblet cells in ileum than jejunum | increases towards colon
56
intraepithelial pockets in the jejunum and ileum contain
T and B cells
57
only the ileum has
peyer's patches
58
large intestine
reabsorbed water and bile | dries faeces
59
large intestine dies faeces
increaing number of goblet cells, no villi, only crypts | glands in lamina propria
60
slow propulsion in large intestine
haustra made by longitudinal mascularis externa - 3 stripes of taeniae coli - work with peristalsis od circular layer
61
defecation triggered by
triggered by rectal distension and eating
62
taeniae coli
3 bands along the large intestine smooth muscle bands running the length of the large intestine and dissipate when reaching the rectum do peristalsis with the circular muscles in the muscular externa active during defecation
63
vermiform appendix
``` similar structure to the rest of the colon no taeniae coli thick muscularis externa with ring of lymphoid nodules function uncertain ```
64
function of the vermiform appendix
uncertain | unique microbiome
65
anorectal junction
splanchnopleure meets somatopleure changes from simple columnar to stratified squamous anal canal is non-keratinised
66
is anal canal keratinised
no
67
haehorrhoidal vessels
in the submucosa of the anorectal junction | superior and inferior vessels - above and below the external anal sphincter
68
internal sphincter
is involuntary - smooth muscle
69
external anal sphincter
voluntary - skeletal muscle
70
Hilton white line separates
two sphincters - internal and external anal sphincters

anatomy 2 (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions