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anatomy 2 > endocrine anatomy > Flashcards

endocrine anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

pituitary gland is situated

A

in the sella turcica (pituitary fossa) of the sphenoid bone

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2
Q

crinoid processes

A

4 processes making a 4 poster bed like shape around the pituitary gland

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3
Q

hypothalamic hypophyseal tract

A

connects neutrons of hypothalamic nuclei to their release site n the posterior pituitary

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4
Q

portal venous system of the pituitary gland

A

connecting the venous dranage of the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

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5
Q

colloid filled space in the pituitary gland

A

remnant of rathke’s pouch

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6
Q

anterior pituitary

A

glandular tissue

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7
Q

pars nervosa is closer to

A

posterior pituitary

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8
Q

posterior pituitary is connected to the hypothalamus via

A

infundibulum

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9
Q

pars tuberalis

A

wrapped around the infundibulum

delivers higher degree of vasculature through the pituitary stalk

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10
Q

cells in pars tubralis

A

basophilic

secrete ACTH, FSH, LH

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11
Q

pars tuberalis brings vasculature to

A

the infundibulum

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12
Q

pars distalis

A

acidophils - secrete GH and prolactin

basophils - secretion ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH

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13
Q

pars distalis closer to

A

anterior pituitary

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14
Q

pars intermedia

A

mostly basophils

secrete malanocyte simulating hormone (chromophobe cells, meaning cytoplasm is clear)

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15
Q

neurohyphysis

A

posterior pituitary

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16
Q

posterior pituitary stores

A

anti-diuretic hormone and oxytocin which are synthesised in the hypothalamus

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17
Q

ADH synthesised in

A

supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

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18
Q

Oxytocin synthesised in

A

paraventricular nucleus

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19
Q

herring bodies

A

swollen nerve terminals that are full of either ADH or oxytocin

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20
Q

what stimulates release of herring body contents

A

pituicytes

21
Q

pinealocytes

A

large cells with pale round nuclei surrounded by pale cytoplasm
secrete melatonin rhythmically (circadian rhythm)

22
Q

astrocytes

A

star shaped glial cells wth very dark nuclei

maintenance cell

23
Q

brain sand

A

corpora arenacea

composition of calcium and magnesium salts

24
Q

thyroid glad is two lobes connected by

A

an isthmus

25
Q

superior and middle thyroid veins drain to

A

internal jugular vein

26
Q

inferior thyroid vein

A

JV or brachiocephalic

27
Q

external carotid supplies

A

superior thyroid arteries

28
Q

sabclavians supply

A

inferior thyroid arteries

29
Q

pain in the thyroid

A

parasympathetic component from vagus which carries visceral sensation

30
Q

thyroid lobule

A

bunch of follicles

in a fascial capsule

31
Q

thyroid follicles

A

storage lake full of thyroglobulin

32
Q

TSH stimulates

A

follicular cells to ingest thyroglobulin via endocytes from the lake
T3 and T4 are cleaved from thyroglobulin and released into blood stream

33
Q

parafollicular cells

A

C cells
grainy cells between follicles
secrete calcitonin - acts by inhibiting osteoclasts which reduces serum calcium

34
Q

chief cells secrete

A

parathyroid hormone

35
Q

parathyroid hormone counters

A

calcitonin

36
Q

PTH stimulates

A

stimulates osteoclast activity which raises serum calcium via bone resorption
increases GIt absorption of calcium

37
Q

oxyphillic cells

A

less abundant and often clustered
only appear at 6-7yo and increase with age
purpose unclear

38
Q

adrenal glands are located

A

on top of the kidney

primary retroperitoneal

39
Q

blood supply of the adrenal glands

A

paired adrenal arteries from abdomnal aorta

arteries supply the cortex first

40
Q

drainage of the adrenal glands

A

drains in cortex to medulla direction

central adrenomedullary vein to the renal vein

41
Q

the right adrenal gland can drain directly into

A

the IVC

42
Q

innervation off the adrenal glands

A

sympathetics from the adrenocortcal ganglion

parasympathetics from the vagus nerve

43
Q

medulla histology

A

large blood vessels centrally

44
Q

chromaffin cells

A

light pale nuclleou, pale basophilic cytoplasm

synthesised and secrete adrenaline and noradenrealine

45
Q

zona glomerulus

A

small curved cell columns, dark round nuclei
spongy appearance
secretes mineralocorticoids

46
Q

zona fasciculata

A

roughly 3/4 of the Cortex
radially oriented fascicle like tubes of cells
separated by fenestrated capillaries
very pale contents that appear spongy

47
Q

zona recularis

A 
branched cords of cells with sinusoidal space between 
smaller cells 
least spongy looking 
secretes androgens 
not fully present until 3yoo
48
Q

PP cells

A

secrete pancreatic polypeptide
unregulated gastric chief cells
inhibits bile, pancreatic enzyme, bicarbonate secretions and intestine motility

49
Q

what does pancreatic polypeptide do

A

unregulated gastric chief cells (pepsinogen secretion)

inhibits bile, pancreatic enzyme, bicarbonate secretions and intestine motility

anatomy 2 (22 decks)

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