kidney ontogeny and phylogeny

Question 1

urogenital paired glands develop in the

Answer 1

abdomen and pelvis

Question 2

intermediate mesoderm becomes

Answer 2

segmented column

called nephrotomes

Question 3

column develops into

Answer 3

3 different kidneys at different stages

Question 4

the 3 different kidneys

Answer 4

• pronephros - develops in the cervical region
• mesonephros - thoracic/lumbar
• metanophros - pelvic

Question 5

ascent of metanephric kidneys

Answer 5

begins in week 6

Question 6

when the kidney fails to ascend

Answer 6

horseshoe kidney

- left and righmetanephric kidneys become attached in the pelvis and cannot ascend above the inferior mesenteric artery

Question 7

pronephros

Answer 7

found in primitive freshwater fish

Question 8

mesonephros

Answer 8

appears in week 4

smaller glomerulus and larger tubular network compared to pronephros

derived from thoracic and lumbar nephrotomes

Question 9

tubular network connects directly to

Answer 9

mesonephric duct

Question 10

metanephros

Answer 10

comes from metanephric duct
the higher vertebrate definitive kidney
grow from dorsal side of pelvic mesonephric duct
appears in week 5

Question 11

metanephric urine

Answer 11

not a waste product - the placenta is still present for that

primary role is to make amniotic fluid
this is how functionality of kidneys is tested - amniotic fluid level will be sufficient

Question 12

ascent of metanephric kidney begins in

Answer 12

begins in week 6

Question 13

ascent of the metanephric kidneys - coexists with

Answer 13

mesonephros

Question 14

metanephric duct during ascent

Answer 14

expand

Question 15

arterial component of the metanephric kidneys during ascent

Answer 15

acquires new paired branches as kidneys ascend to upper abdomen

Question 16

venous component of metanephric kidneys during ascent

Answer 16

climbs as well

Question 17

position in the adult

Answer 17

its on the margins of the posts muscles and quadrates lumborum
surrounded by perirenal fat, renal fascia, and pararenal fat

Question 18

upper poles sit on

Answer 18

diaphragm and ribs 11 and 12

move about when you breathe

Question 19

hilum of the kidney

Answer 19

at L1/2
vein most anterior
artery behind vein

Question 20

left and right vasculature is joined via

Answer 20

sub cardinal anastomoses

Question 21

lining of the bladder

Answer 21

mostly derived from hindgut (cloaca): endoderm pf splanchnopluere

Question 22

trigone

Answer 22

internal area for ureter input and urethral output