The Organelles

Question 1

The internal framework of a cell.

Provides shape, support, and scaffold for suspending and moving organelles.

Answer 1

Cytoskeleton

Question 2

Gives cells a plasticity, or fluidity, that allows them to change shape or move organelles quickly.

Answer 2

Cytoskeleton

Question 3

What are the 3 types of protein structure

Answer 3

1. Microfilaments
2. Intermediate Filaments
3. Microtubules

Question 4

The thinnest cytoskeletal structures

Answer 4

Microfilaments

Question 5

Much stronger than microfilaments

Answer 5

Intermediate Filaments

Question 6

Used as tracks for organelle movement.

Instrumental in chromosome movement during cell division.

Answer 6

Microtubules

Question 7

Protect the cell from mechanical stresses.

Answer 7

Intermediate Filaments

Question 8

Responsible for cellular locomotion, muscle contractions, movement during cell division.

Establish the basic shape and strength of the cell.

Answer 8

Microfilaments

Question 9

Long, whip-like structures that propel cells forward.

Answer 9

Flagella

Question 10

Give an example of a Flagella

Answer 10

Sperm: the only human cell that moves by flagellum

Question 11

Shorter extensions that look like hairs or eyelashes.

More common in the human body than the flagella.

Answer 11

Cilia

Question 12

They beat synchronously to move mucus across the surface of the cell or to circulate the extracellular fluid to increase diffusion – “power stroke”

Answer 12

Cilia

Question 13

Networks of folded membranes that lie within the cytosol.

Answer 13

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 14

What are the two types of ER in human cells?

Answer 14

1. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 15

A processing and sorting area for proteins synthesized by ribosomes that stud its outer membrane.

Answer 15

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)

Question 16

Responsible for the synthesis of fatty acids and steroid hormones.

Has no attached ribosomes.

Answer 16

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)

Question 17

Small organelles composed of protein and ribosomal RNA that serve as protein factories, synthesizing proteins that may be included in other organelles or in the plasma membrane itself, or are exocytosed through secretory vesicles.

Answer 17

Ribosomes

Question 18

True or False

In both RER and SER, the end product is a vesicle filled with product ready for the next step in processing—to the cell membrane for exocytosis or to Golgi complex for further packaging.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Usually found near the end of the SER and resembles a stack of pancakes called SACCULES.

Answer 19

Golgi Complex/ Apparatus

Question 20

Slightly curved, with concave and convex faces

Answer 20

Saccules

Question 21

Used to transport substances within a cell

Answer 21

Circular Vesicles/ Transfer Vesicles

Question 22

Face the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Answer 22

Concave portions

Question 23

Face the plasma membrane.

Answer 23

Convex portions

Question 24

Completes the processing of proteins and fatty acids, readying the products for the use in other organelles or in the cell membrane

Answer 24

Golgi Complex/ Apparatus

Question 25

Chemical packages produced by the Golgi complex that contain hydrolytic enzymes

Answer 25

Lysosomes

Question 26

Powerful enough to digest an entire cell from the inside. Responsible for autolysis or “self-breaking”

Answer 26

Lysosomes

Question 27

to break open or break apart

Answer 27

Lyse

Question 28

True or False Lysosome + endocytotic vesicle = pours its contents into the vesicles

Answer 28

True

Question 29

It contains a cell’s genetic library and is usually the largest organelle in a cell.

Answer 29

Nucleus

Question 30

Nucleus is covered by a phospholipid membrane, called?

Answer 30

Nuclear envelope

Question 31

______ complete phospholipid bilayers surrounding the nucleus, whereas the cell membrane is a ___________.

Answer 31

Two; Single bilayer

Question 32

The envelope is punctuated by ___________, which allows molecules to enter and exit the nucleus.

Answer 32

Nuclear pores

Question 33

The _________ in the nucleus is analogous to the cell’s library, which is “read” by RNA

Answer 33

DNA

Question 34

After RNA makes a perfect impression of the DNA, it leaves the nucleus and serves as ______

Answer 34

Templates for proteins

Question 35

Its a process of forming RNA copies of nuclear DNA Also means to “write elsewhere”

Answer 35

Transcription

Question 36

Thread-like DNA within the nucleus of an active cell (neither resting nor dividing).

Answer 36

Chromatin

Question 37

Condensed and coiled chromatic threads before cell division.

Answer 37

Chromosomes

Question 38

Darker areas of chromatin found in the nucleus of most active cells

Answer 38

Nucleoli

Question 39

True or False Within nucleoli, ribosomal RNA is produced and ribosomes are assembled.

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Bean-shaped organelle Has smooth outer membrane and folded inner membrane

Answer 40

Mitochondria

Question 41

Convert digested nutrients into usable energy for the body, in the form of ATP. ATP forms within the inner membrane of the mitochondrion

Answer 41

Mitochondria

Question 42

Folded inner membrane with folds called ________ (hallmark of mitochondria)

Answer 42

Cristae