The Cell Flashcards
What is the study of cells?
Cytology
A scientists who study cells
Cytologists
True or False
All living things are not composed of cells.
False: All living things are composed of cells.
True or False
All cells arise from existing cells through cell division.
False: All cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division.
True or False
Cells contain hereditary material, which they pass to daughter cells during cell division.
True
Barrier around the cell wall
Plasma Membrane
Fluid inside the plasma membrane as well as supports multiple types of organelles
Cytosol
True or False
The chemical composition of all cells is quite different.
False: The chemical composition of all cells is quite similar.
Membrane-bound structure suspended in the cytosol
Organelle
A gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell with Cytosol and organelles other than the nucleus
Cytoplasm
Less organized and less dynamic cell
Prokaryotic Cell
Highly organized structure
Eukaryotic Cell
It does not have a nucleus and organelles (usually only ribosomes). Do not compartmentalize cell functions
Prokaryotic Cell
It has a nucleus and organelles
(Plant cells vs Human cells)
Eukaryotic Cell
Example of Prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
Example of Eukaryotic cell
- Plant
- Animal
- Fungal cells
Compounds containing phosphatidic acid and a fatty acid
Phospholipids
A protein plus a carbohydrate
Glycoprotein
A lipid plus at least one carbohydrate group
Glycolipid
Give the 4 compositions of Cell Membrane
- 2 layers of phospholipids
Phospholipids are arranged in a double layer (bilayer) - Proteins
- Fats
- Sugars
What are the two layers of the phospholipids
- Hydrophilic: water-loving heads
- Hydrophobic: water-fearing
True or False
Hydrophilic: water-loving heads
- Oriented toward the aqueous environment both inside and outside the cell
True
True or False
Hydrophobic: water-fearing
- Lipid portions of the molecules, sandwiched in the center
True
Selectively allows nutrients to enter the cell and waste and secretory products to exit it
Semipermeable Barrier
What are the two movements across the membrane?
- Passive
- Active
Some ions and molecules cross freely; others can be moved across the membrane with the expenditure of energy; and still others cannot cross at all.
Semipermeable Barrier
No need to spend energy. Also, Down a concentration gradient (H to L)
Passive Movement
Give an example of Passive Movement
- Filtration
- Diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
Energy-requiring process (ATP). Also, Against an concentration gradient via carrier proteins (L to H)
Active Movement
Give an example of Active Movement
- Sodium/potassium pump
- Endocytosis
- Exocytosis
Has a Passive Movement of a substance toward an area of lower concentration (H to L)
Diffusion
Diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
Water moves in a direction that tends to equalize solute concentration on each side of the membrane
Osmosis
