M3: The Pancreas

Question 1

A long, slender organ, most of which is located posterior to the bottom half of the stomach

Answer 1

Pancreas

Question 2

TRUE OR FALSE:

The pancreas plays a singular role.

Answer 2

False. It plays a dual role.

Question 3

The pancreas serves as an __________ __________ that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum through ducts.

Answer 3

Exocrine gland

Question 4

The pancreas also serves as an _____________ __________ that secretes a number of endocrine hormones involved in maintaining blood glucose levels.

Answer 4

Endocrine gland

Question 5

The pancreas is divided into 3 regions:

Answer 5

Head, body, and tail

Question 6

The pancreas also has endocrine cells called ____________ ________.

Answer 6

Pancreatic islets

Question 7

Also known as islets of Langerhans

Answer 7

Pancreatic islets

Question 8

Secrete hormones directly into the blood (responsible for producing hormones that regulate blood sugar levels)

Answer 8

Pancreatic islets

Question 9

The endocrine function of the pancreatic islets is carried out by the ________ __ _____________, which secrete hormones.

Answer 9

Islets of Langerhans

Question 10

The exocrine function is carried out by the _______, which secret digestive enzymes into the small intestine via ducts.

Answer 10

ACINI

Question 11

The alpha cells secrete ____________ when blood glucose levels are low.

Answer 11

Glucagon

Question 12

Stimulates liver cells to break down stores of glycogen, releasing glucose into the blood

Answer 12

Glucagon

Question 13

It also causes the breakdown of glycogen in muscle and the production of glucose from amino acids

Answer 13

Alpha cells

Question 14

Increases blood sugar between meals, supplying energy to the brain and active muscles

Answer 14

Glucagon

Question 15

Secrete ________, a hormone that opposes glucagon

Answer 15

Insulin

Question 16

Lowers blood sugar by stimulating liver, muscle, and fat cells to take up glucose

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

It is the hormone responsible for clearing from the blood all the glucose you get from a meal

Answer 17

Insulin

Question 18

TRUE OR FALSE:

If insulin fails, blood glucose levels will fall, causing osmotic balance problems in all tissue.

Answer 18

FALSE. Glucose levels will rise.

Question 19

Lack of proper insulin functioning is easily detected by finding sugar in the urine, which immediately suggests the presence of _____________.

Answer 19

Diabetes

Question 20

Delta cells secrete the hormone __________________.

Answer 20

Somatostatin

Question 21

This hormone seems to inhibit the production of insulin, glucagon, hGH, and a host of other hormones from other glands.

Answer 21

Somatostatin

Question 22

The receptors for this hormone are coupled to G-proteins inside the target cells.

Answer 22

Somatostatin

Question 23

When somatostatin binds to these receptors, it prevents further processing of hormones through __________/______ ___________ _________________.

Answer 23

G-protein/cAMP second messengers

Question 25

One of the most serious chronic diseases and one of the highest causes of death, it centers on insulin produced by beta cells.

Answer 25

Diabetes

Question 26

Diagnosed when hyperglycemia is observed on at least 2 occasions.

Answer 26

Diabetes

Question 28

**TYPES OF DIABETES:** - Usually appears in adulthood - The cells stop responding to insulin - Beta cells fail to produce enough insulin - Combines genetic and behavioral components

Answer 28

Type 2

Question 29

Downsides of diabetes

Answer 29

- Harms the cardiovascular system - Impairs blood circulation - Causes eye, nerve, and kidney damage - No viable means of treatment for Type 1 diabetes currently - Type 2 diabetes is becoming increasingly apparent in younger people

Question 30

Onset of diabetes can be slowed through:

Answer 30

- A healthy diet and exercise - Eating in smaller portions - Reduced exposure to toxic high glucose - Taking prescribed medication