M2: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Transports that blood, carrying nutrients, wastes, and dissolved gases to and from the tissues

Answer 1

Cardiovascular system

Question 2

Brings oxygen to the blood and removes carbon dioxide from it

Answer 2

Respiratory system

Question 3

In delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide, the __________ and _______ systems work together.

Answer 3

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Question 4

The cardiovascular system (CVS) includes?

Answer 4

1. Heart
2. Blood vessels
3. Blood

Question 5

What are the 3 layers of heart’s wall?

Answer 5

1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium

Question 6

It also called visceral pericardium

Answer 6

Epicardium

Question 7

The muscular wall of the heart, contracting to create heartbeats

Answer 7

Myocardium

Question 8

It is a serous membrane, secreting a lubricating fluid that surrounds the heart and allows it to beat without causing damage to itself

Answer 8

Pericardium

Question 9

What are the 2 layers of Pericardium?

Answer 9

1. Parietal pericardium
2. Visceral pericardium

Question 10

Lines the walls of the sac where the heart is found

Answer 10

Parietal pericardium

Question 11

Attached directly to the myocardium

Answer 11

Visceral pericardium (or epicardium)

Question 12

The space between the visceral and parietal pericardium; filled with serous fluid

Answer 12

Pericardial Cavity

Question 13

What are the 4 chambers of the heart?

Answer 13

1. 2 ventricles
2. 2 atria

Question 14

Thick-walled and muscular

It expel the blood under great pressure toward the lungs or body

Answer 14

Ventricle

Question 15

Smaller, thin-walled chambers sitting on top of the ventricles

Receive blood from large veins and direct it into the ventricles

Answer 15

Atria

Question 16

It is the _________ that must generate enough force to push blood throughout the body.

Answer 16

Left Ventricle

Question 17

The less muscular ________ pushes blood only to the nearby lungs.

Answer 17

Right Ventricle

Question 18

True or False

The walls of the atria are even more muscular, because these chambers are essentially holding tanks for blood after it returns from the body or lungs, rather than pumping chambers

Answer 18

False: The walls of the atria are even less muscular, because these chambers are essentially holding tanks for blood after it returns from the body or lungs, rather than pumping chambers

Question 19

Each heart chamber contains one valve that opens to allow blood to pass and then closes when the chamber contracts to pump. It is found between the atria and the ventricles, they are called?

Answer 19

Atrioventricular Valves

Question 20

The AV valve in the right ventricle

Answer 20

Tricuspid

Question 21

The AV valve in the left ventricle

Answer 21

Bicuspid

Question 22

Bicuspid also called the

Answer 22

Mitral Valve

Question 23

Valves are composed of dense, irregular connective tissue and are held in place by the ?

Answer 23

Chordae Tendineae

Question 24

These anchor the cusps of the valves to the papillary muscles

Answer 24

Chordae Tendineae

Question 25

When we listen to a heart beat, part of what we hear is the thrumming of these “______” as they are pulled tight and pressurized blood flows past them.

Answer 25

"Heart Strings"

Question 26

At the base of the great arteries leaving the heart are the ______ and ________

Answer 26

Pulmonary and Aortic Valves

Question 27

Pulmonary and Aortic Valves are also called?

Answer 27

Semilunar Valves

Question 28

These valves are shaped like ____________ , anchored to the walls of the great vessel

Answer 28

3 Flexible Bowls

Question 29

Normal heart sounds are called _______ and _______

Answer 29

S1 (“lubb) and S2 (“dubb”)

Question 30

It is a loud, resonating sound caused by blood pressure against the atrioventricular valves.

Answer 30

S1

Question 31

True or False This pressure closes the **bicuspid** and **tricuspid valves**, pulling the **chordae tendineae** and the entire **supporting framework of cardiac muscle**.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

True or False The **second sound** forms when the **ventricles relax** and blood in the **pulmonary artery** and the **aorta** flows back toward the **ventricles**.The **arterial valves** catch the back flow and snap against one another—**“dubb”**

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Listening to here heart sounds, or any internal body sounds

Answer 33

Auscultation

Question 34

The rate of the heartbeat is under 2 types of control

Answer 34

1. Intrinsic Control 2. Extrinsic Control

Question 35

Establish the usual, day-in, day-out pace of heartbeats. Cardiac muscle cells undergo rhythmic contractions without receiving nerve impulses

Answer 35

Intrinsic Control

Question 36

Modulate the baseline rate to meet the body’s immediate demands. Cardiac control center in the medulla oblongata—this can override the intrinsic heartbeat, increasing or decreasing the rate as necessary

Answer 36

Extrinsic Control

Question 37

A group of cells in the upper wall of the right atrium has the fastest intrinsic beat, and serves as the heart’s pacemaker

Answer 37

SA (sinoatrial) node

Question 38

At the base of the left atrium, near the ventricle, lies a group of cells that are relay station that delays the contraction impulse before sending it on

Answer 38

AV (atrioventricular) node

Question 39

When the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is active, heart rate increases significantly. Increased blood flow to the heart during exercise, causes the heart to respond with more forceful pumping—just what we need to move oxygenated blood to active muscles.

Answer 39

Extrinsic Control

Question 40

Blood enters the heart ____ during one complete circuit of the cardiovascular system

Answer 40

Twice

Question 41

Sequence of Cardiac Cycle in general

Answer 41

1. Vena cava 2. Right atrium 3. Right ventricle 4. On to lungs 5. Back to the left atrium 6. Left ventricle and then out to the body through the aorta.

Question 42

True or False **Blood enters** the **Left Atrium** from the superior and inferior vena cava and the cardiac sinus, and then drops through the tricuspid atrioventricular valve into the **Left Ventricle** , which pumps blood to the lungs.

Answer 42

**False**: **Blood enters** the **Right Atrium** from the superior and inferior vena cava and the cardiac sinus, and then drops through the tricuspid atrioventricular valve into the **Right Ventricle**, which pumps blood to the lungs.

Question 43

True or False **Blood that returns** from the lungs enters the **Right Atrium** and drops through the mitral valve into the **Right Ventricle**, which pumps the blood throughout the body (with exception of the respiratory membranes of the lungs)

Answer 43

**False**: **Blood that returns** from the lungs enters the **Left Atrium** and drops through the mitral valve into the **Left Ventricle** , which pumps the blood throughout the body (with exception of the respiratory membranes of the lungs)

Question 44

Thickest of the vessels. They take blood from the heart to the tissues of the body and are subject to largest pressures

Answer 44

Arteries

Question 45

They have a layer of resilient muscle in their walls that allows for the bouncing pulse we can feel through the skin.

Answer 45

Arteries

Question 46

Extremely thin-walled, usually only one cell thick. They are the diffusion vessels of this system

Answer 46

Capillaries

Question 47

Thinner than arteries but have more substance than the capillaries. Valves prevent back flow of blood in these weak-walled vessels

Answer 47

Veins

Question 48

Closest to the heart have large diameters and thick walls because the heart’s pumping increases the pressure in these vessels, causing them to stretch and recoil with each beat.

Answer 48

Arteries

Question 48

Small vessels similar in structure to the larger arteries from which they branch; smaller in diameter

Answer 48

Arterioles

Question 49

As the blood passes into smaller vessels, the friction _________ , causing the blood flow to _______

Answer 49

Increases; Decrease

Question 50

The smallest blood vessels and Arterioles lead to

Answer 50

Capillaries

Question 51

Exchange vessels that reach to almost every cell, and they are the only vessels that permit the vital exchange of gases, nutrients and waste across the blood vessel wall

Answer 51

Capillaries

Question 52

Bring blood back to the heart. Despite the low pressure, the blood continues to flow toward the heart.

Answer 52

Veins

Question 53

Blood leaving capillaries collects in larger vessels called

Answer 53

Venules

Question 54

One of the most common cardiovascular diseases. This is often called the “silent killer” because it may produce no symptoms before disaster strikes

Answer 54

Hypertension or High Blood Pressure

Question 55

This is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure is above 140 mmHg, or diastolic pressure is above 90 mmHg.

Answer 55

Hypertension or High Blood Pressure

Question 56

Although hypertension is harmful to many organs, the key risk is ______

Answer 56

Stroke

Question 57

A disruption of blood flow in the brain

Answer 57

Stroke