M3: The Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Produces sperm, stores it, and delivers it to the female reproductive system

Answer 1

The male reproductive system

Question 2

Requires a gonad to produce sperm, some tubes to carry the sperm, three types of accessory glands to produce fluid sustaining the sperm, and several supporting structures to help deliver the sperm

Answer 2

The male reproductive system

Question 3

Glands in the male provide nutrients, a supportive carrying fluid, and chemicals for sperm motility

Answer 3

The male reproductive system

Question 4

Paired organs suspended in the scrotal sac, where their internal temperature is regulated

Answer 4

Testes

Question 5

SPERM PRODUCTION:

The muscles ________ when the temperature ________, elevating the testes and subsequently maintaining the required temperature

Answer 5

Contract; drops

Question 6

SPERM PRODUCTION:

When the temperature within the testes ______, the muscles _________ and the testes move away from the body, reducing their internal temperature

Answer 6

Rises; relax

Question 7

In 3% of full-term male births and 30% of premature male births, the testes have yet to descend.

Answer 7

Cryptorchidism (“hidden orchid”)

Question 8

Among 80% of cryptorchid males, the testes naturally descend when?

Answer 8

The first year

Question 9

When do male reproductive organs usually begin development?

Answer 9

7 weeks after conception

Question 10

Male reproductive organs form from the ____________ ___________________ ______

Answer 10

Embryonic mesonephros duct

Question 11

7 months after conception, the testes migrate from the _________ _________ to the __________ ____. This leaves a weak spot in the abdominal wall, which can lead to a hernia later in life.

Answer 11

Abdominal cavity; scrotal sac

Question 12

The protrusion of internal organs through the wall of the cavity that normally contains them.

Answer 12

Hernia

Question 13

The cells that produce sperm are found lining the _______________ ___________.

Answer 13

Seminiferous tubules

Question 14

___________ cells and _______ cells are found within the seminiferous tubules while the _________ cells are found outside, between them in the lobules.

Answer 14

Spermatogenic; Sertoli, Leydig

Question 15

Stimulated to begin producing sperm at puberty

Answer 15

Spermatogenic cells

Question 16

They divide into spermatogonia and form primary spermatocytes

Answer 16

Spermatogenic cells

Question 17

Move from the wall of the tubule into the lumen as they keep dividing and turn into secondary spermatocytes and then spermatids

Answer 17

Spermatogenic cells

Question 18

Extend from the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubule all the way to the lumen

Answer 18

Sertoli cells

Question 19

Surround the developing sperm and isolate it from the male’s blood supply as protection against immune attack

Answer 19

Sertoli cells

Question 20

Assist in the survival of developing sperm

Answer 20

Sertoli cells

Question 21

Produce testosterone

Answer 21

Leydig cells

Question 22

Stimulates spermatogonia to produce sperm

Answer 22

Testosterone

Question 23

• Stimulates bone growth
• Increases hair production all over the body
• Stimulates cartilage growth of the larynx, thereby lowering the voice
• Increases libido

Answer 23

Testosterone

Question 24

SPERMATOGENESIS:

When the spermatogonia undergo __________ and produce two cells, one cell remains in contact with the basement membrane as a __________________; the other moves around the lumen to begin the process of spermatogenesis.

Answer 24

Mitosis; spermatogonium

Question 25

**SPERMATOGENESIS:** This second cell moves into a ________ _____ and transforms into a _____________ _______________________.

Answer 25

Sertoli cell; primary spermatocyte

Question 26

**SPERMATOGENESIS:** __________ occurs. At the end of the first round of this phase, two ___________ ___________________ are formed.

Answer 26

Meiosis; secondary spermatocytes

Question 27

**SPERMATOGENESIS:** Each secondary spermatocyte divides further to produce ____ ___________ __________________.

Answer 27

Two haploid spermatids

Question 28

**SPERMATOGENESIS:** Yields a total of ______ haploid cells carrying the DNA of a sperm (but without the characteristic shape of the sperm cell).

Answer 28

**Four** haploid cells

Question 29

**SPERMATOGENESIS:** The final stage of spermatogenesis where the spermatids develop into mature spermatozoa, and where the correct shape is required.

Answer 29

Spermiogenesis

Question 30

The ________ of the sperm carries the genetic material and includes the __________ and the nucleus.

Answer 30

Head; acrosome

Question 31

The ____________ is a vesicle on the point of the sperm head that contains __________ ___________.

Answer 31

Acrosome; digestive enzymes

Question 32

When the sperm encounters the egg, it will digest the ___________ (egg; the female gamete) membrane, allowing **the nucleus of the sperm to penetrate**.

Answer 32

Oocyte

Question 33

The ____________ of the sperm contains many ______________ that produce the ____ needed to reach the egg.

Answer 33

Midpiece; mitochondria; ATP

Question 34

The _______ of the sperm consists of one long ___________.

Answer 34

Tail; flagellum

Question 35

**STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPERM AND SEMEN IN THE DUCTS:** After the completion of the spermatogenesis, the product of _______ would be produced as it traverses through the ducts.

Answer 35

Semen

Question 36

**STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPERM AND SEMEN IN THE DUCTS:** The Sertoli cells create a fluid that fills the seminiferous tubule lumen and pushes the developing _______________ along.

Answer 36

Spermatozoa

Question 37

**STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPERM AND SEMEN IN THE DUCTS:** The spermatozoa leave the seminiferous tubules and travel to the rete testes, before leaving the testis, which ends at the ______________.

Answer 37

Epidydymis

Question 38

**STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPERM AND SEMEN IN THE DUCTS:** Responsible for sperm maturation, including the acquisition of motility and fertilization capabilities.

Answer 38

Epidydymis

Question 39

**STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF SPERM AND SEMEN IN THE DUCTS:** Situated at the anterior of **spermatic cord** and acts as the transporter storage of the epidydymis during ejaculation.

Answer 39

Vas deferens

Question 40

**THE VAS DEFERENS:** The event of ejaculation, the smooth muscle in the walls of the vas deferens contracts reflexively, thus propelling the sperm forward.

Answer 40

Peristalsis

Question 41

**THE VAS DEFERENS:** TRUE OR FALSE: Can store sperm for up to several months.

Answer 41

**TRUE.**

Question 42

**THE VAS DEFERENS:** Prime organ candidate for ______________.

Answer 42

Sterilization

Question 43

**THE VAS DEFERENS:** Without any ejaculation, the stored fluids within the vas deferens would eventually _______ ________ and ___________ within the body.

Answer 43

Break down; reabsorb

Question 44

Produces the bulk of the **semen** from the secretion of nearby glands during transportation.

Answer 44

Seminal vesicle

Question 45

Contents of this fluid comprises of fructose-rich fluids and _______________ that helps **neutralize** the potential acidic conditions of the following urethra, as well as an **energy source** for the sperm.

Answer 45

Prostaglandin

Question 46

The seminal vesicle has ____________ ___________ that contribute to the coagulation of semen after ejaculation.

Answer 46

Clotting factors

Question 47

Sperm travels along the ________ ________________ ______ to the ____________ __________.

Answer 47

Short ejaculatory duct; prosthetic urethra

Question 48

During the event of ejaculation, both the _______ & _______ are pushed to the **prosthetic urethra**. With this, they come in contact with the **prostate**.

Answer 48

Sperm & semen

Question 49

Secretes and mixes the fluid into the passing semen

Answer 49

Prostate

Question 50

ATP production

Answer 50

Citric acid

Question 51

Break up the clot formed by the seminal vesicle secretions

Answer 51

Proteolytic enzymes

Question 52

After leaving the prostate, the fluids travel through the _________ and from the length of the penis, until finally reaching the ___________ _________ ___________.

Answer 52

Urethra; external urethral opening

Question 53

**SEXUAL AROUSAL:** During sexual arousal, _________ _______ (NO) released from nerve endings and endothelial cells **dilates penile arteries**, allowing blood to fill the erectile tissue.

Answer 53

Nitric oxide

Question 54

**SEXUAL AROUSAL:** When the penile arteries are dilated, this causes the phenomenon of ____________.

Answer 54

ERECTIONS

Question 55

**SEXUAL AROUSAL:** The process reverses when arteries _________, _________ blood flow in the erectile tissues.

Answer 55

Constrict; reducing

Question 56

**SEXUAL AROUSAL:** In the mid-1950s, research on the human sexual response spawned new studies, wherein it was found there are ______ **phases of sexual response**.

Answer 56

**Four** phases of sexual response

Question 57

**THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE:** In male sexual arousal, the parasympathetic nervous system increases blood flow to the penis, elevates heart rate/ blood pressure, and triggers lubrication. Sensory stimuli (touch, visual, auditory) enhances arousal.

Answer 57

FIRST PHASE of Sexual Response

Question 58

**THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE:** The plateau phase sustains arousal for seconds to minutes.

Answer 58

SECOND PHASE of Sexual Response

Question 59

**THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE:** Orgasm (controlled by the sympathetic nervous system) involves muscular contractions, ejaculation, and intense pleasure, followed by a refractory period.

Answer 59

THIRD PHASE of Sexual Response

Question 60

**THE FOUR PHASES OF SEXUAL RESPONSE:** In resolution, the body returns to pre-arousal states (heart rate, blood pressure), with longer recovery if orgasm does not occur.

Answer 60

FOURTH PHASE of Sexual Response (End of Ejaculation)