The cell communication Flashcards
Must communicate with one another to function as a tissue
Cell
Must send signals throughout the organ for the organ to function properly
Tissue
In a particular system must communicate to carry out the system’s process.
Organs
True or False
To maintain stability and organization inside the human body, communication is essential.
True
Released into the bloodstream to act on distant target cells that will alter their functioning.
Circulating Hormones
Called PARACRINES
Local Hormones
Released to affect only cells in the vicinity; act on neighboring cells
Mostly used when quick responses are required
Local Hormones
They occur across very small distances and are extremely specific.
Gap Junctions
Cell-to-cell contact
Immediate and short-lived
Gap Junctions
Nuclear Division
Mitosis
True or False
To carry out this complicated process, the cell must communicate with surrounding cells and its own organelles and biochemical pathways.
True
True or False
During mitosis, DNA and organelles are duplicated, and DNA is condensed into manageable packets and sorted into separate nuclei.
True
True or False
This ensures that the DNA of the parent cell is copied exactly and partitioned properly into one identical daughter cells.
False: This ensures that the DNA of the parent cell is copied exactly and partitioned properly into two identical daughter cells
These are enzymes that set in motion proteins lying dormant in the cell by adding a phosphate group.
CDKs (cyclin-dependent kinases)
CDK only operate when the protein ________ is present.
Cyclin
Small proteins periodically produced by the cell that, when present, bind to CDKs and activate them.
Cyclin
The entire process of mitosis is governed by _______and _______
Cyclin production and subsequent CDK activity
_______ will bind to CDK and initiate the copying of DNA that is required before mitosis can begin.
Cyclin-E
moves the cell from interphase to the first stage of mitosis.
Cyclin-A
Choose the CORRECT answer.
a. To maintain stability and organization inside the human body, communication is essential.
b. Cells must communicate with one another to function as an organ.
c. There’s no correct answer.
d. Tissues must send signals throughout the nucleus for the cell to function properly
a. To maintain stability and organization inside the human body, communication is essential.
Cell-to-cell contact
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Gap junctions
d. Circulating hormones
c. Gap junctions
Act on neighboring cells
a. Paracrine
b. Active movement
c. Gap junction
d. Circulating hormones
a. Paracrine
True or False
To carry out mitosis, the cell does NOT need to communicate with the surrounding cells and its own organelles.
False: To carry out mitosis, the cell does need to communicate with the surrounding cells and its own organelles.
True or False
CDKs can only operate when cyclin is present.
True
What is cell signaling?
a. The process of cell division
b. The process of cell differentiation
c. The mechanism by which cells communicate with each other
d. The way cells obtain energy
c. The mechanism by which cells communicate with each other
Which type of cell signaling involves signaling molecules traveling through the bloodstream to distant target cells?
a. Contact-dependent signaling
b. Endocrine signaling
c. Autocrine signaling
d. Paracrine signaling
b. Endocrine signaling
Which of the following is an example of contact-dependent signaling?
a. Insulin regulating blood glucose levels
b. Nerve cells transmitting signals to muscles
c. Cells interacting through gap junctions
d. Immune cells releasing cytokines to activate neighboring immune cells
c. Cells interacting through gap junctions
Which type of cell signaling involves cells releasing signals that affect their own activity?
a. Endocrine signaling
b. Paracrine signaling
c. Contact-dependent signaling
d. Autocrine signaling
d. Autocrine signaling
Which of the following is an example of paracrine signaling
a. Nerve cells transmitting signals to muscles
b. Cells releasing signals that affect their own activity
c. Hormones traveling through the blood stream to distant target cells.
d. Immune cells releasing cytokines to activate neighboring immune cells
d. Immune cells releasing cytokines to activate neighboring immune cells
