Skeletomuscular System Flashcards
“Form follows function”
Skeletomuscular System
Longer than they are wide
Long bones
Similar to small cubes
Short bone
Very thin in one dimension
Flat bones
Have odd shapes
Irregular bones
Form inside tendons
Sesamoid bones
Embedded in the structures between the main skull bones
Wormian bones
Axial skeleton: the central axis of the body
- 8 Cranial bones
- 14 Facial bones
- Hyoid bone
- Ribs
- Vertebrae
The appendages (arms, legs, hands, feet) and girdles (holding the appendages to the central axis)
Appendicular skeleton
Give an example of Appendicular skeleton
- Pectoral girdle
- Upper appendages (arms and hands)
- Pelvic girdle
- Lower appendages (legs and feet)
Location: Forehead
Is originally two bones that fuse so tightly by age 8 that the suture is usually not visible.
Frontal bone
Location: Sides of the skull above the ears
Means wall, and these form the walls of the cranial cavity.
Parietal bone
Location: The temples holding the ears
The only joint in the skull is associated with this bone. The mandible articulates with the temporals.
Temporal bone
Location: Entire back of the skull
The spinal cord extends through the skull at the foramen magnum of this bone.
Occipital Bone
Location: Forms the floor of the cranium above the nasal passages
Includes the cribriform plate, a sieve-like structure that allows olfactory neurons to extend into the nose.
Ethmoid
Location: Forms the floor of the cranium
This bone touches all other bones of the cranium.
Sphenoid
Location: Paired bones that form the front of the mouth
The upper teeth are formed within these bones.
Maxillae
Location: Paired bones that form the roof of the mouth
If development is arrested, a cleft palate results.
Palatine Bone
Location: Paired bones that form the bridge of the nose
These thin slivers of bone can penetrate the ethmoid if struck hard enough.
Nasal bone
Location: Paired bones on either side of the nose
Tears are collected and pass through a small hole in this bone to the nasal cavity.
Lacrimal bone
Location: Cheek bones
These bones protect the eyes. If they are hit, black eyes result.
Zygomatic bone
Location: Paired bones deep within the nasal passages
The conchae provide surface area to warm and moisten air.
Inferior Nasal conchae
Location: Single bone that divides the nasal cavity
This bone supports the cartilage of the nasal septum; damage can result in a deviated septum.
Vomer
Location: Jaw bone
This is the only moveable joint in the skull; the lower teeth are formed within this bone.
Mandible
Location: Below the tongue, supporting it
This is the only bone in the skeleton that is not attached to any other bone.
Hyoid bone
Attach directly to the sternum or make a direct connection with the costal cartilage, which is directly associated with the sternum
True Rib
How many pairs of True Ribs in human ribs?
7 Pair of True Ribs
How many pairs of False Ribs in human ribs?
5 Pair of False Ribs
Which ribs are either attach to the costal cartilage, which then joins the sternum
Ribs 8, 9, 10
Which ribs are free at their lateral ends (floating)
Floating ribs 11 and 12
Name the three components of a typical vertebra.
- Vertebral body
- Vertebral arch
- Vertebral articular processes.
The parts of the vertebra include?
- Vertebral body
- Spinous process
- Transverse processes
- Articulating surfaces
- Vertebral foramen
The bumps that run down the middle of your back
Spinous process
Where back muscles are attached
Transverse processes
Connect one vertebra to the next in your spinal column
Articulating surfaces
Where the spinal cord lies
Vertebral foramen
Thinner and more delicate than the rest of the vertebrae
Cervical vertebrae
Each articulate with a rib.
Thoracic vertebrae
Have heavy bodies capable of supporting the weight of the torso.
Lumbar vertebrae
Is actually five fused vertebrae that form a solid base for the pelvic girdle
Sacrum
Is our post-anal tail
The tailbone or Coccyx
Location: Upper arm
This is the longest and strongest bone of the upper limb.
Humerus
Location: Lower arm, medial aspect
The proximal end forms the point of the elbow.
Ulna
Location: Lower arm, lateral aspect
This bone rotates around the ulna when you turn your palm upward.
Radius
Location: Wrist bones
Are two rows of eight short bones that are easily misplaced with force.
Carpals
Location: Hand bones
Five bones that form the knuckles of the hand.
Metacarpals
Location: Finger bones
There are three long bones in each finger, there are only two in the thumb.
Phalanges
Location: Thigh
This is the largest and strongest bone in the body.
Femur
Location: Kneecap
This bone forms after birth as movement rubs the patellar tendon over the knee joint.
Patella
Location: Lower leg
This is a strong, weight-supporting bone of the lower leg.
Tibia
Location: Lower leg
This is a weak, non-weight-bearing bone knitted to the tibia.
Fibula
Location: Ankle bones
One of these, the talus, supports the entire weight of the body with each step.
Tarsals
Location: Foot bones
Can easily snap under pressure from poorly fitting athletic shoes.
Metatarsals
Location: Toe bones
The phalanx (great toe) is used in balance during walking.
Phalanges
Provides internal scaffolding from which the skin, muscles, and organs are suspended.
Skeletal system
Wherever two bones meet
Joints
What are the functional joints?
- Synarthrotic (immovable)
- Amphiarthrotic (semimovable)
- Diarthrotic or synovial (freely movable)
What are the structural joints?
- Bony fusion
- Fibrous joint
- Cartilaginous joint
- Synovial joint
________ describes both the fluid in the joint (structure) and any structure that secretes __________ (function).
Synovial and Synovial fluid
It produces movement to the body
Muscle
Most human skeletal muscles function as a member of an ________ or ________
Antagonistic, or Synergistic, pair
One or more muscles provide movement
The prime mover, or Agonist
While a second muscle or group opposes the movement
The antagonist
Outermost lining of skeletal muscle
Deep fascia or epimysium
Surrounds the blood vessels, nerves and bundles of muscle cells
Perimysium
Each group of covered muscle cells
Fascicle
Surrounds individual muscle cells
Endomysium
A single muscle cell
Myofiber
The muscle cell itself is covered in a cell membrane called?
Sarcolemma
Conduct the contraction message
T tubules
Inside the sarcolemma is a parallel series of ___________
Myofibrils
Inside the myofibrils, there are microfilaments composed of the proteins ______ and _______
Actin and Myosin
Actin and myosin are held in regular arrangements in this contractile units
Sarcomeres
The alignment of sarcomeres and banded appearance produces ________ in the muscle cell as a whole.
Striations
Skeletal muscle referred to as
Striated tissue
Thin dark lines at the end of the sarcomere
Z discs
Between Z discs and the myosin thick filaments, where only actin is found
I bands
The portion of sarcomere where myosin resides
A band
A light portion where the thinner central sections of the myosin filaments are grouped and overlapping actin is absent.
H zone
Actin merely slides over the myosin filament, pulling the Z discs with it, hence the name
“Sliding filament model”
Without a fresh supply of ATP, the myosin heads cannot release the actin molecule
Rigor mortis
