The Orbit Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are involved in the orbit

A

Frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, ethmoid, sphenoid and lacrimal

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2
Q

What is within the orbit

A

Eyeball, fat and connective tissue, extraocular muscles, nerves and blood vessels

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3
Q

What are the tarsal plates composed of

A

Dense connective tissue

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4
Q

What is the function of the tarsal plates

A

Support the eyelid and contain glands that secrete a watery fluid to lubricate the eyeball

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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the eye

A

Cheek and suspensory ligaments

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6
Q

Function of the suspensory ligament

A

Support the eyeball

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7
Q

Function of the cheek ligament

A

Restrict the movements of the medial and lateral recti

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8
Q

What is the eyeball composed of

A

Cornea, sclera, iris, ciliary body, choroid and retina

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9
Q

What makes up the fibrous outer coat of the eyeball

A

The cornea and sclera

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10
Q

What makes up the middle layer of the eyeball

A

The vascular layers

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11
Q

What is the retina composed of

A

Rods and cones

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12
Q

What does the retina make up

A

The inner coat

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13
Q

What is the blind spot within the retina

A

The optic disc

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14
Q

What is the macula lutea

A

The fovea of the retina

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15
Q

What makes the aqueous humor

A

Ciliary body

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16
Q

What is the function of the aqueous humor

A

Helps to maintain intra-ocular pressure

17
Q

Where is aqueous humor drained into

A

The corneo-scleral junction by the canal of Schlemm

18
Q

What is the vitreous humor

A

Embryological, transparent jelly, posterior to the lens that supports the retina

19
Q

What is the function of the dilator pupilae muscles

A

Increases the diameter of the pupil

20
Q

What innervates the dilator pupillae muscles

A

Sympathetic fibres

21
Q

What does the sphincter pupilae muscle do

A

Decrease the diameter of the pupil

22
Q

Innervation of the sphincter pupillae muscles

A

Parasympathetic fibres via the oculomotor nerve

23
Q

What are int intrinsic eye muscles

A

Ciliary muscle

24
Q

Function of the intrinsic muscles of the eye

A

Change the shape of the lens for accommodation

25
Q

What innervates the intrinsic eye muscles

A

The oculomotor nerve

26
Q

What are the 7 extraocular muscles

A

Levator palpabrae superioris, superior oblique, inferior oblique and the superior, inferior, medial and lateral recti

27
Q

Where does the levator palpabrae superioris run from/to

A

The orbital roof to the upper eyelid

28
Q

Where do the superior, inferior, medial and lateral recti run from/to

A

The annular ring to to the sclera, anterior to the equator

29
Q

Where does the superior oblique run from/to

A

The lesser sphenoid wing to the sclera, posterior to the equator

30
Q

Where does the inferior oblique run from/to

A

The orbital floor to the sclera, posterior to the equator

31
Q

Why are the axes of orbit and optical axis different

A

So the eye muscles can move in more than one direction

32
Q

What does the lacrimal apparatus produce

A

Tears

33
Q

What innervates the lacrimal apparatus

A

Secretomotor fibres from the facial nerve