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Anatomy Second Semester > Cranial Fossa And Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Fossa And Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fossae within the skull

A

Anterior, middle and posterior

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2
Q

What is within the anterior fossa

A

Cribriform plate, crista galli and optic canal

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3
Q

What is within the middle fossa

A

Foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen lacerum and foramen spinosum

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4
Q

What does the carotid canal contain

A

The internal carotid artery

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5
Q

What does the foramen spinosum contain

A

The middle meningeal artery

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6
Q

What does the posterior fossa contain

A

The groove for the sigmoid dural sinus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal and the foramen magnum

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7
Q

What are the cranial nerves

A

Olfactory, optic, occulomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocohlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory and hypoglossal

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8
Q

CN 1 Olfactory

A

Outgrowth of the telencephalon

Only sensory system that is not relayed through the thalamus

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9
Q

Path of the olfactory

A

The olfactory mucosa goes through the cribriform plate to synapse in the olfactory bulb

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10
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve run from/to

A

The olfactory tracts to the prepiriform area of amygdala

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11
Q

What is the prepiriform area of amygdala

A

Primary olfactory cortex

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12
Q

CN II Optic

A

Extension of the diencephalon

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13
Q

Where does the optic nerve run from/to

A

The retina through the optic canal, then forms a chiasm and joins the optic tract

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14
Q

What happens to the fibres of the optic nerve

A

90% - go to the lateral geniculate body of the thalamus and onto the striate area
10% - go to the medial root (non-genicular) to unconcious regulation

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15
Q

CN III Oculomotor

A

Come from the midbrain and enters the orbit

Provides somatic motor and parasympathetic innervation

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16
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve provide motor innervation to

A

Inferior oblique, superior rectus, middle rectus, inferior rectus and levator palpabrae

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17
Q

What does the occulomotor provide parasympathetic innervation to

A

Sphincter pupillae and ciliary body

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18
Q

What does the superior division of the oculomotor supply

A

Levator palpabrae and superior rectus

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19
Q

CN IV Trochlear

A

Comes from the midbrain
Only cranial nerve in which the fibres cross to the opposite side and the only cranial nerve from the posterior surface of the midbrain

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20
Q

Where does the oculomotor run from/to

A

The lateral wall of the cavernosous dural sinus and travels through the annular ring

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21
Q

Where does the trochlear run from/to

A

The lateral wall of the cavernous dural sinus and sits outside the annular ring

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22
Q

CN V Trigeminal

A

Originates from the pons

Forms a ganglion and divides into three divisions

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23
Q

What are the three divisions of the trigeminal

A

CN V1 - ophthalmic branch
CN V2 - maxillary branch
CN V3 - trigeminal branch

24
Q

What does the ophthalmic branch enter

A

The orbit through the superior orbital fissue

25
Q

Where does the maxillary enter

A

The pytergopalatine fossa through the foramen rotundum

26
Q

Where does the trigeminal branch travel

A

Through the foramen ovale to the inferior surface of the base of the skull

27
Q

What nerves allow the passage of parasympathetic fibres from other cranial nerves

A

The lacrimal, zygomatic, lingual and auriculotemporal

28
Q

What does CN V1 provide

A

General sensory innervation for the eye, lacrimal gland, eyebrow, skin of the forehead and nose

29
Q

Where does CN V1 run

A

In the lateral wall of the cavernous dural sinus

30
Q

What does CN V2 provide

A

General sensory innervation to the skin of the cheek, lower lid, upper jaw and teeth, side of nose and the mucosa of the mouth

31
Q

Where does CN V2 run

A

In the lateral wall of the cavernous dural venous sinus

32
Q

What CN V3 provide

A

Sensory innervation to the ear canal, parotid gland, lower jaw and teeth
Motor innervation to the muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani and veli tensor palatine

33
Q

CN VI Abducens

A

Originates from the pons

Long extradural pathway

34
Q

Where does the abducens run from/to

A

It passes through the superior orbital fissue, the cavernous dural venous sinus and annular ring and enters the eye

35
Q

What does abducens provide

A

Motor innervation to lateral rectus

36
Q

CN VII Facial

A

Originates from the pons

Passes through the acoustic meatus

37
Q

Where does abducens run from/to

A

The pons to the temporal bone

38
Q

What are the branches of the abducens

A

Greater petrosal, stapedial and chorda tympani

39
Q

What are the facial muscle branches from abducens

A

Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular and cervical posterior auricular

40
Q

What does abducens provide

A

Motor innervation to the muscles of facial expression, stapedius, stylohyoid and the posterior belly of digastric

41
Q

Where do the nerves that innervates the muscles of facial expression leave through

A

The stylomastoid foramen

42
Q

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

A

Special somatic efferent nerve

From the vestibule apparatus and auditory apparatus to the pons/medulla

43
Q

What does the vestibular nerve provide

A

Innervation to the maculae of the utricle and saccule, and the cristae of ampulla of the semicircular ducts

44
Q

What is the maculae of the saccule and utricle sensitive to

A

Linear acceleration and the pull of gravity relative to the position of the head

45
Q

What is the cristae of ampulla in the semicircular ducts sensitive to

A

Rotational acceeration

46
Q

What does the cochlear nerve provide

A

Innervation to the special organs. for the sense of hearing

47
Q

CN XI Glossopharyngeal

A

Originates from the medulla oblongata

Passes through the jugular foramen

48
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal provide

A

Parasympathetic innervation to the parotid, buccal and labial glands
Sensation of taste to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
Motor innervation to the pharyngeal plexus and stylopharyngeus
Sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue, soft palate, pharynx, tympanic cavity and membrane, pharyngotympanic tube, external ear and auditory canal

49
Q

CN X Vagus

A

Originates from the medulla oblongata

Passes through the jugular foramen

50
Q

Distribution of the vagus nerve

A

Cranial, cervical, thoracic and abdominal

51
Q

What does the vagus provide

A

Motor innervation to the pharyngeal plexus, soft palate and larynx
Parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera
Sensory innervation to the dura in the post-cranial fossa, ear, external auditory canal, lower pharynx, laryngeal mucosa, thoracic and abdominal viscera

52
Q

What does the vagus provide in the aortic arch and para-aortic body

A

Aortic arch - pressure receptors

Para-aortic body - chemoreceptors

53
Q

CN XI Accessory

A

Originates from the spinal cord

Enters the foramen magnum and the passes through the jugular foramen

54
Q

What does the accessory nerve provide

A

Motor innervation to trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

55
Q

CN XII Hypoglossal

A

Originates from the medulla oblongata, anterior to the olive

Passes through the hypoglossal canal

56
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve provide

A

Motor innervation to all the intrinsic and extrinsic muscle of the tongue bar palatoglossus

Anatomy Second Semester (27 decks)

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