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Anatomy Second Semester > Pharynx And Pre-Vertebral Region > Flashcards

Pharynx And Pre-Vertebral Region Flashcards

1
Q

Pharynx at the base of the skull

A

Funnel shaped

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2
Q

Where does the pharynx join the oesophagus

A

C6

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3
Q

What does the mucous membrane cover

A

Nasal, oral, larynx and tympanic cavities

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4
Q

What is the pharynx lined by

A

Ciliated columnar epithelium

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5
Q

What does the epithelium of the pharynx connect it to

A

The base of the skull and submucosal coat of the oesophagus

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6
Q

Muscles under the fibrous layer of the pharynx

A

Almost circular constrictor muscles and longitudinal muscles

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7
Q

What are the three divisions of the pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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8
Q

Where is the nasopharynx

A

Behind the nasal cavities, above the soft palate

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9
Q

Roof of the nasopharynx

A

Sphenoid, occipital and pharyngeal tonsil

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10
Q

Floor of the nasopharynx

A

Soft palate and pharyngeal isthmus

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11
Q

Anterior boundary of the nasopharynx

A

Nasal passage

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12
Q

Posterior boundaey of the nasopharynx

A

Roof and level of C1

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13
Q

Lateral boundary of nasopharynx

A

Auditory tube and salpingopharyngeal folds

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14
Q

Where does the oropharynx run from/to

A

The soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis

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15
Q

Roof of the oropharynx

A

Soft palate

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16
Q

Anterior boundary of the oropharynx

A

Mouth

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17
Q

Posterior boundary of oropharynx

A

C3-C6

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18
Q

What supports the lateral boundary of the oropharynx

A

Thyroid cartilage, aryepiglotic fold and thyroid membrane

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19
Q

Attachment of the superior constrictor

A

Lower part of the medial pytergoid plate, ptyergomandibular ligament, mandible and side of the tongue

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20
Q

Insertion of the superior constrictor

A

Pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone, fibrous raphe and middle constrictor

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21
Q

Function of the upper fibres of the superior constrictor

A

Pull the posterior pharyngeal wall anteriorly to close off the nasopharyx
Propels food into the middle costrictor

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22
Q

Innervation of the superior constrictor

A

Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus)

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23
Q

Attachment of the middle constrictor

A

The lower part of the stylohyoid ligament

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24
Q

Insertion of the middle constrictor

A

Greater and lesser cornua of the hyoid bone

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25
Q

What does the middle constrictor blend with

A

The superior and inferior constrictors

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26
Q

Function of the middle constrictor

A

It propels food towards the inferior constrictor

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27
Q

Innervation of the middle constrictor

A

Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus)

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28
Q

Attachment of the inferior constrictor

A

Lamina of the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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29
Q

Insertion of the inferior constrictor

A

Raphe and blends with the middle constrictor and oesophagus

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30
Q

Function of the inferior constrictor

A

Propel food into the oesophagus

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31
Q

Innervation of the inferior constrictor

A

Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus)

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32
Q

What can the inferior constrictor be split into

A

Thyropharyngeus and cricopharyngeus

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33
Q

What are thyropahryngeus and cricopharyngeus innervated by

A

External laryngeal nerves

34
Q

What are the longitudinal muscles

A

Stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus and palatopharngeus

35
Q

Attachment of stylopharyngeus

A

Base of the styloid process of the temporal bone

36
Q

Insertion of stylopharyngeus

A

The posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

37
Q

Function of stylopharyngeus

A

Elevates the larynx and pahrynx during swallowing

38
Q

Innervation of stylopharyngeus

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

39
Q

Attachment of salpingopharyngeus

A

Cartilage of the auditory tube and then blends with palatopharyngeus

40
Q

Function of stylopharyngeus

A

Elevates the pharynx

41
Q

Innervation of salpingopharyngeus

A

Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus)

42
Q

Attachment of palatopharyngeus

A

The hard palate and the palatine aponeurosis

43
Q

Insertion of plataopharyngeus

A

Lamina of the thyroid cartilage

44
Q

Function of the palatopharyngeus

A

Elevates the pharynx

45
Q

Innervation of palatopharyngeus

A

Pharyngeal plexus (Vagus)

46
Q

Supply of the pharynx

A

Pharyngeal branches from the maxillary artery and the ascending pharyngeal artery

47
Q

What drains the pharynx

A

The pharyngeal veins

48
Q

What is the pharyngeal plexus composed of

A

Glossopharyngeal, vagus and sympathetic fibres

49
Q

What are the pre-vertebral muscles

A

Longus colli, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior and rectus capitis lateralis

50
Q

Where are other pre-vertebral structures located

A

In between the muscular sheath covering longus colli and longus capitis and the carotid sheath

51
Q

Attachment of longus capitis

A

Transverse processes of the anterior tubercle of cervical vertebrae C3-C6

52
Q

Insertion of longus capitis

A

Base of the occipital bone

53
Q

What is longus capitis involved in

A

Flexion of the head

54
Q

Innervation of longus capitis

A

Ventral rami from the cervical spinal nerve C1-C3

55
Q

Parts of longus colli

A

Superior oblique, inferior oblique and vertical

56
Q

Attachment of longus colli

A

Superior oblique - anterior tubercles of C3-C5
Inferior oblique - T2/T3
Vertical - anterior aspect of T1-T3

57
Q

Insertion of longus colli

A

Superior oblique - atlantal anterior tubercle
Inferior oblique - anterior tubercles on the transverse processes of C5/6
Vertical - C4-C6

58
Q

Function of longus colli

A

Flexion of the neck and rotation to opposite side via the inferior oblique

59
Q

Innervation of longus colli

A

Ventral rami of the spinal nerves C2-C6

60
Q

Attachment of rectus capitis anterior

A

Anterior surface and root of transverse processes of atlas

61
Q

Insertion of rectus capitis anterior

A

Occipital bone

62
Q

Function of rectus capitis anterior

A

Anterior flexion of the atlanto-occipital joint

63
Q

Attachment of rectus capitis lateralis

A

Transverse process of atlas

64
Q

Insertion of rectus capitis lateralis

A

Occipital bone

65
Q

Function of rectus capitis lateralis

A

Lateral flexion of the head

66
Q

Where does the sympathetic ganglia run from/to

A

The base of the skull to join the thoracic chain

67
Q

What is the sympathetic ganglia embedded in

A

Deep fascia between the carotid sheath and fascia over the surface of longus capitis and longus colli

68
Q

What is the sympathetic ganglia composed of

A

Superior, middle and inferior cervical ganglia

69
Q

Where does the superior cervical ganglia run from/to

A

Internal carotid nerve to the carotid canal

70
Q

What does the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia form

A

Internal carotid plexus

71
Q

What is the superior cervical sympathetic ganglia composed of

A

Grey rami communicants to C1-C4 ventral rami

72
Q

What do the branches of the superior cervical ganglia form

A

Plexuses of the common and external carotid arteries

73
Q

What are the cranial branches within the superior cervical ganglia

A

CN XI, X and XII

74
Q

Where do the pharyngeal branches join CN IX and CN X

A

The pharyngeal plexus

75
Q

Where is the middle cervical ganglion

A

At the level of the cricoid cartilage

76
Q

What is the middle cervical ganglion composed of

A

Grey rami communicants to C5,6 ventral rammi

77
Q

What is usually in either the middle or inferior cervical ganglia

A

Two or more nerve bundles

78
Q

What does the anterior nerve bundle form

A

Ansa subclavia

79
Q

What does the inferior cervical ganglion fuse with and what does it form

A

The 1st thoracic ganglion

Stellate ganglion

80
Q

what is the inferior cervical ganglion composed of

A

Grey rami communicants to ventral rami of C7,8

Anatomy Second Semester (27 decks)

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