The Larynx Flashcards
What is the larynx involved in
Voice production
What is the larynx composed of
Hyaline cartilage and small plane synovial joints
What are the cartilages of the larynx
Thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuniform and epiglottis
What is the epiglottis formed from
Elastic cartilage
What is the anterior connection of the epiglottis
Body of the thyroid bone
What is the posterior connections of the epiglottis
Thyroid cartilage
What does the epiglottis laterally connect to
The arytenoid cartilage via the aryepiglottic folds
What happens to the mucosal membrane covering
It is reflected onto the posterior surface of the tongue via the medial glossoepilglottis and lateral pharynoepiglottic folds
What are the ligaments involved in the larynx
The lateral and medial thyroid, medial cricothyroid and cricotracheal
What connects the arytenoid to the epiglottis
The quadrangular ligament
What does the free edge of the quadrangular ligament form
The vestibular ligament
What is the vestibular ligament
A false vocal fold
What are the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid connected through
The cricothyroid membrane
What does the upper free border of the cricothyroid membrane form
The vocal ligament
What do the vocal folds do
Change the air flow through the larynx which allows for sound production
What allows for individual sounds/words to be produced
Movement of the lips, cheeks and tongue
What are the external muscles of the larynx
The infra and supra-hyoid muscles
What do the external muscles attach to
The hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage
Function of the external muscles of the larynx
Move the entire larynx and aid in swallowing
What muscles provide elevation of the larynx
Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid and the longitudinal muscles
What provides depression of the larynx
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid and the elastci recoil of the trachea
What forms the internal muscles
Muscles that pass between elements of the larynx and move the cartilages or vocal folds
Attachment of the cricothyroid
Cricoid cartilage
Insertion of cricothyroid
Lamina of the inferior corneu of the thyroid cartilage
Function of cricothyroid
Tensing and elongating the vocal folds
Innervation of cricothyroid
External laryngeal branch of the vagus
Attachment of thyroarytenoid
Inner surface of the angle of the thyroid carilage
Insertion of the thyroarytenoid
Anterolateral surface of the angle of the arytenoid cartilages
What are the upper fibres of the thyroarytenoid known as
Vocalis
Function of thyroarytenoid
Involved in pulling the arytenoid forwards towards the thyroid cartilage which shortens and relaxes the vocal ligament
Innervation of the thyroarytenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Attachment of posterior cricoarytenoid
Posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion of posterior cricoarytenoid
Muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilage
Function of posterior cricoarytenoid
Pull the muscular processes of the arytenoid backwards, rotating the vocal processes laterally which causes abduction of the vocal folds
Innervatio of posterior criicoartyenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerv
Attachment of the lateral cricoarytenoid
Upper edge of the arch of the cricoid cartilage
Insertion of the lateral cricoarytenoid
Muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilage
Function of the lateral cricoarytenoid
Pulls the muscular processes forward, rotating the vocal processes medially which causes adduction of the vocal folds
Innervation of the lateral cricoarytenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Attachment of the oblique arytenoid
The muscular processes of the arytenoid cartilages
Insertion of the oblique arytenoid
Apex of the opposite arytenoid cartilage
What do some fibres of the oblique arytenoid form
Aryepiglottic muscles in the aryepiglottic fold
What are the aryepiglottic muscles
Sphinctes
Innervation of the oblique arytenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Attachment of the transverse arytenoid
Posterior and medial surfaces of they arytenoid cartilage
Insertion of the transverse arytenoid
Opposite arytenoid cartilages
What does the transverse arytenoid close
The posterior part of the rima glottidis
Innervation of the transverse arytenoid
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
What nerve supply the larynx
Vagus
What supplies the larynx with blood
The superior laryngeal, superior thyroid, inferior laryngeal and inferior thyroid
What drains blood from the larynx
The superior laryngeal, superior thyroid, inferior thyroid and inferior thyroid veins
What nodes drain lymph from the larynx
Superior deep cervical, inferior deep cervical, paratracheal and pre-tracheal nodes
