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Anatomy Second Semester > Pelvic Wall and Floors > Flashcards

Pelvic Wall and Floors Flashcards

1
Q

Arrangement of bones in the pelvis

A

An inominate bone on either side and a sacral bone in the middle

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2
Q

what covers the obturator foramen

A

Fascia and muscle layer

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3
Q

what attaches to the ischial tuberosity

A

Small lateral rotators of the hip and the hamstrings

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4
Q

What is normally attaches to the greater and lesser sciatic notch

A

Ligaments

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5
Q

what does the attachment of ligaments to the sciatic notches form

A

foramen

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6
Q

what type of joints are the lumbrosacral joint and the pubic symphysis

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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7
Q

what is the pubic symphysis

A

the joint between the two inominate bones and acts as a shock absorber

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8
Q

Where does the rectus femoris muscle attach

A

the anterior inferio riliac spine

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9
Q

what is the sacrum formed from

A

fused vertebrae

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10
Q

what do the foramen within the sacrum allow

A

for the nerve roots to pass out

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11
Q

what are the anterior and posterior walls of the pelvis

A

bony

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12
Q

what is the floor of the pelvis

A

A muscular sheet called the pelvic diaphragm

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13
Q

what are the ligaments within the pelvis

A

sacrotuberous, sacrospinous and the inguinal ligament

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14
Q

what ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

sacrotuberous and sacrospinous

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15
Q

where does the inguinal ligament run from/to

A

anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

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16
Q

what are the ligaments within the sacrum

A

anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

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17
Q

what does the anterior sacroiliac ligament form

A

a synovial joint between the bones

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18
Q

what does the posterior sacroiliac ligament form

A

a fibrous joint that provides support

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19
Q

What does the ligament at the pubic symphysis form

A

a fibrocartilaginous joint

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20
Q

pubic arch in males and females

A

sacrum is more curved in males

pubic arch is more acute in females due to the angle of the hips

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21
Q

Normal shapes for pubic arch in females and males

A

females - gynecoid

males - anthropoid

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22
Q

Iliacus

A

Iliac fossa -> join psoas to form iliopsoas and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur
Flexes the hip
Femoral nerve innervation

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23
Q

Psoas attachment

A

T12-L4 vertebral bodies and IV discs - superficial

L1-L5 vertebral bodies and IV discs - deep

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24
Q

insertion of psoas

A

Joins iliacus to form iliopsoas and inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur

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25
Q

Function of psoas

A

hip flexion
one - bend trunk laterally
both - raise trunk from supine position

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26
Q

innervation of psoas

A

L1-3 anterior rami

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27
Q

Gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus
Attach to pelvis bones
Act on hip joint

28
Q

Obturator externus attach/insert

A

outer surface of obturator membrane -> trochanteric fossa of femur

29
Q

where is obturator externus and what does it do

A

underneath the femoral triangle and involved in movement of the femur

30
Q

obturator internus attach/insert

A

inner surface of obturator membrane -> medial surface of greater trochanter of femur

31
Q

obturator internus function

A

lateral rotation of the hip

32
Q

innervation of obturator internus

A

Nerve to obturator internus (L5,S1)

33
Q

piriformis attach/insert

A

pelvic surface of the sacrum -> greater trochanter of the femur

34
Q

piriformis innervation

A

nerve to piriformis (S1,S2)

35
Q

function of peliv diaphragm

A

to prevent prolapse

36
Q

What makes up the pelvic diaphragm

A

Levator ani and coccygeus

37
Q

what is the muscular roof of the anal triangle

A

levator ani

38
Q

coccygeus attach/insert

A

ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament -> coccyx and inferior sacrum

39
Q

function coccygeus

A

support the pelvic visera and flexion of coccyx

40
Q

coccygeus innervation

A

direct branches from sacral plexus (S4,S5)

41
Q

different parts of levator ani

A

pubococcygeous and iliococcygeus

42
Q

pubococcygeus

A

most medial fibres

attaches to and supports vagina/prostate gland and rectum

43
Q

iliococcygeus

A

ore lateral fibres

anterior to coccygeus

44
Q

divisions of pubococcygeus

A

puborectalis, levator prostatae and pubovaginalis

45
Q

what supports the pelvic viscera

A

levator ani

46
Q

what must relax to allow defecation and urination

A

levator ani

47
Q

innervation of pubococcygeous

A

motor innervation from pudendal and nerve to levator ani

48
Q

puborectalis function

A

maintain faecal continence

49
Q

what fibres does puborectalis joint with

A

external anal sphincter

50
Q

when is puborectalis especially important

A

immediately after the rectum has filled

51
Q

innervation of puborectalis

A

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

52
Q

attachment of iliococcygeus

A

fascia of obturator internus and the annococcygeal body/ligament/levator plate

53
Q

what is the area of attachment of iliococcygeus to the fascia of the obturator internus known as

A

The tendinous arch of levator ani

54
Q

innervation of iliococcygeus

A

pudendal nerve and nerve to levator ani

55
Q

what is the perineal body composed of

A

Fibrous connective tissue

56
Q

what muscles attach to the perineal body

A

levator prostatae, pubovaginalis, external anal sphincter and perineal muscles

57
Q

pouches in the perineum

A

female - vesico-uterine and recto-uterine

male - vesico-rectal

58
Q

what covers the internal wall

A

parietal pelvic fascia

59
Q

where is the parietal pelvic fascia thickened

A

over obturator internus

60
Q

what does the fascia anteriorly form

A

puboprostatic ligament - males

pubovesical ligament - females

61
Q

what covers the organs

A

Visceral pelvic fascia

62
Q

what is the paracolpium

A

the lateral extension of visceral fascia from the vagina to the tendinous arch

63
Q

what acts as packing material around the organs

A

endopelvic fascia

64
Q

two types of endopelvic fascia

A

loose and condensed

65
Q

function of loose endopelvic fascia

A

fills spaces in the pelvis e.g. rectopubic space

66
Q

what are condensed endopelvic fascia

A

thickening of the fascia

67
Q

primary condensation

A

the hypogastric sheaths running along the posterolateral walls of the pelvis

Anatomy Second Semester (27 decks)

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