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Anatomy Second Semester > The Ear > Flashcards

The Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three divisions of the ear

A

External, middle and internal

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2
Q

What is the external ear composed of

A

The auricle, external auditory meatus and the external surface of the tympanic membrane

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3
Q

What is the middle ear composed of

A

The internal surface of the tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, ossicles and pharyngotympanic tube

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4
Q

What is the internal ear composed of

A

Auditory meatus, vestibular apparatus, internal auditory meatus, vestibulocochlear nerve, oval window and round window

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5
Q

What is the auricle composed of

A

Elastic cartilage

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6
Q

What controls the auricle

A

Muscles of facial expression

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7
Q

Where does lymph from the auricle drain to

A

The parotid and cervical lymph nodes

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8
Q

What supplies the auricle with blood

A

Superficial temporal, anterior auricular, posterior auricular and perforating branches

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9
Q

What innervates the auricle

A

CN V3, CN XI, CN VII and the lesser occipital and greater auricular nerves from the cervical plexus

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10
Q

What is the external auditory meatus composed of

A

Lateral 1/3rd - elastic cartilage, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands
Middle 2/3rd - bone lined with stratified squamous epithelium

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11
Q

Blood supply of the external auditory meatus

A

Auricular branch of the external carotid

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12
Q

Innervation of the external auditory meatus

A

Mainly from the auriculo-temporal from CN V2 but also supplied by auricular branch from CN VII and CN X

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13
Q

What is the outer surface of the tympanic membrane covered by

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What is the inner surface of the tympanic membrane covered by

A

Mucous membrane

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15
Q

Where is the chorda tympani found

A

On the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

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16
Q

What attaches to the inner surface of the tympanic membrane

A

The malleus

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17
Q

What innervates the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane

A

Tympanic branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve

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18
Q

What is the combined action of tensor tympani and stapedius

A

To reduce the vibrations passing to the delicate inner ear

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19
Q

What supplies the tympanic cavity with sensory innervation

A

CN XI

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20
Q

What provides the tympanic cavity with blood

A

Mostly from tympanic branches of the posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal and maxillary arteries

21
Q

How does the chorda tympani leave the tympanic cavity

A

Via the petrotympanic fissue

22
Q

What does the chorda tympani join

A

The lingual nerve

23
Q

What does the chorda tympani provide

A

Parasympathetic innervation to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and special taste to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue

24
Q

What does the auditory tube connect

A

The nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity

25
Q

What is the lateral section of the auditory tube composed of

A

A bony canal lined with mucosa

26
Q

What is the medial section of the auditory tube compose of

A

Cartilaginous and membranous tubes

27
Q

What opens the lumen of the auditory tube

A

The contraction of tensor veli palatini

28
Q

What does the opening of the auditory tube cause

A

Equalisation of pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

29
Q

What innervates the auditory tube

A

Provided sensory innervation via CN XI

30
Q

What provides blood to the middle ear

A

Mainly from the anterior tympanic but also from ascending pharyngeal, middle meningeal, posterior auricular, artery of the pytergoid canal and caroticotympanic branch of the internal carotid

31
Q

What is within the inner ear

A

Bony and membranous labyrinths

32
Q

What are membranous labyrinths

A

A continuous system of ducts and sacs within the bony labyrinth

33
Q

What are the membranous labyrinths suspended in

A

Perilymph

34
Q

What is contained within the membranous labyrinths

A

Endolymph

35
Q

Function of endolymph and perilymph

A

Conduction of sound vibrations and respond to mechanical forces

36
Q

What are the parts of the semicircular canals

A

Anterior, posterior and lateral

37
Q

Arrangement of the parts of the semicircular canals

A

The anterior and posterior are at 90 degrees and the lateral is horizontal

38
Q

What is within the semicircular canals

A

Semicircular ducts

39
Q

What are the semicircular ducts continuous with

A

The ampulla

40
Q

What is the ampulla

A

A swelling at the end of a duct

41
Q

What is within the ampulla

A

The crista ampullaris

42
Q

Function of the crista ampullaris

A

Responds to angular movements of the head

43
Q

What is within the vestibule

A

The utricle and saccule

44
Q

What is within the utricle and saccule

A

Equilibrium receptors known as maculae

45
Q

Function of the maculae

A

Respond to the pull of gravity and changes in head position

46
Q

What supplies the inner ear with blood

A

Main supply from the internal auditory

47
Q

What are the branches of the internal auditory artery

A

Common vestibular and cochlear arteries

48
Q

What is the internal auditory artery usually a branch of

A

Anterioinferior cerebellar or the basilar arteries

Anatomy Second Semester (27 decks)

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