Knee Joint Flashcards
What are the tendons around the knee joint
The quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon and the tendon of biceps femoris
What are the muscles related to the knee joint
Sartorius, semimembranosus, semitendinosus and gracilis
What type of joint is the knee joint
A modified hinge joint
What are the articulations of the knee joint
Femoropatellar articulation and two femorotibial articulation
What bone does not articulate at the knee joint
Fibula
What are the bones involved in the knee joint
The femur, tibia and patella
What are the articular surfaces involved in the knee joint
The patellar surface, medial condyle, intercondylar fossa/notch, lateral condyle, intercondylar eminence, apex of the patella and the lateral and medial facets of the patella
What does the capsule of the knee joint fuse with anteriorly
The quadriceps tendon, patella and ligamentum patellae
What does the knee capsule enclose posteriorly
The intercondylar fossa of the femur
What does the synovial membrane attach to
The alar folds and infrapatellar synovial fold
What do the medial and lateral alar folds cover
The inner surface of the fats pads, on either side of the patellar ligament
What are the bursae around the knee joint
Suprapatellar, subcutaneous patellar, subcutaneous infrapatellar, deep infrapatellar, gastrocnemius, semimembranosus, anserine and popliteus
Which bursae are in communication with the synovial cavity of the knee joint
Suprapatellar, gastrocnemius, semimebranosus and popliteus
What are the extracapsular ligaments
The oblique popliteal, arcuate popliteal, and medial and lateral collateral
What are the intracapsular ligaments
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
What is the arcuate popliteal ligament
A thickening of the capsule over popliteus
Function of the arcuate popliteal
Strengthens the posterolateral joint capsule
What is the medial collateral ligamnet
A strong, flat thickening of the capsule
Where does the medial collateral run from/to
The medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior medial surface of the tibia
Where do the deep fibres of the medial collateral attach to
The middle meniscus
Characteristic of the lateral collateral ligament
Strong and cord-like
Where does the lateral collateral run from/to
The lateral epicondyle of the femur to the lateral head of the fibula
What is the function of the cruciate ligaments
To maintain contact between the femoral and tibial articular surfaces
What does the posterior cruciate prevent
The femur from sliding anteriorly on the tibia, particularly during flexion of the knee
What does the anterior cruciate prevent
The femur from sliding posteriorly on the tibia, preventing hyperextension
What movement does the anterior cruciate limit
Medial rotation of the femur
Where does the ACL run from/to
The anterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur
What does the anteromedial band of the ACL limit
Flexion
What does the posteromedial band of the ACL limit
Extension
Where does the PCL run from/to
The posterior intercondylar area of the tibia to the lateral side of the medial condyle of the feumr
What does the anteromedial band of the PCL limit
Flexion
What does the posteromedial band of the PCL limit
Extension
What are the menisci
Wedges of fibrocartilage that deepen the articular surfaces and act as shock absorbers
Charcteristics of the middle meniscus
C-shaped, broad posteriorly and firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament
Characteristics of the lateral meniscus
Circular, freely movable and is an attachment for popliteus
What supplies the knee joint
The 5 genicular branches, the descending genicular branch, descending branch from the lateral circumflex femoral artery and recurrent branches from the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
Where do the 5 genicular branches come from
The popliteal artery
Where does the descending genicular artery branch from
The femoral artery
