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CCEA GCSE Biology > The Nitrogen Cycle, Minerals & Eutrophication > Flashcards

The Nitrogen Cycle, Minerals & Eutrophication Flashcards

1
Q

Aerobic

1 mark

A

With Oxygen.

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2
Q

Anaerobic

1 mark

A

In the absence of Oxygen.

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3
Q

Amino acid

1 mark

A

The building blocks that make up a protein molecule.

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4
Q

Animal slurry

2 marks

A

Animal dung and excrement that can be used as a fertiliser.

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5
Q

Compost

2 marks

A

Decayed organic matter which can be used as a plant fertiliser.

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6
Q

Concentration

1 mark

A

The measure of the amount of a substance.

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7
Q

Faeces

1 mark

A

Waste matter from the Bowels.

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8
Q

Harvest

1 mark

A

To gather a crop.

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9
Q

Manure

1 mark

A

Animal dung (solid waste) used as fertiliser.

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10
Q

Nitrate

2 marks

A

Chemical absorbed from the soil by plants to produce their protein.

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11
Q

Root nodules

1 mark

A

Swellings found on roots.

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12
Q

Food chain

3 marks

A

A sequence (usually shown as a diagram) of feeding relationships between organisms

  • showing which organisms eat what + the movement of energy through trophic levels.

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13
Q

Nitrogen gas makes up __% of Earth’s atmosphere?

1 mark

A

78%

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14
Q

What is Nitrogen gas an essential component in?

2 marks

A

Amino acids + proteins.

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15
Q

How do plants absorb Nitrogen?

1 mark

A

In the form of nitrates.

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16
Q

What organisms cannot directly absorb nitrogen gas?

2 marks

A

Plants + animals.

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17
Q

Nitrates + other minerals are taken into a plant via

1 mark

A

Root hair cells

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18
Q

Root hair cells

2 marks

A

Specially adapted root cells.

  • they are specially adapted by having a long extension that provides a large surface area for absorption.
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19
Q

Specially adapted root cells

1 mark

A

Root hair cells

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20
Q

Special adaption of a root hair cell

2 marks

A

Long extension that provides a large surface area for absorption.

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21
Q

Nitrates/other minerals are absorbed in the soil by

4 marks

A

Process of active transport

  • moves the mineral from an area of low to an area of high concentration (in the soil)
  • against a concentration gradient, in the plant root.
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22
Q

What is required for active transport when transporting minerals into the soil

(3 marks)

A

Energy (from aerobic respiration) is required to move minerals against the concentration gradient

  • so this process needs to happen in the presence of O2.
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23
Q

Plants use ________ to make amino acids + proteins; these are then transferred to animals in the food chain.

(1 mark)

A

Nitrates

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24
Q

Plants use nitrates to make _____ _____ + _______; these are then transferred to animals in the food chain.

(2 marks)

A

Amino acids + proteins.

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25
Made by nitrates in the Plant, what is transferred to animals in the food chain? (2 marks)
Amino acids + proteins.
26
Carries out the processes in the nitrogen cycle | 1 mark
Bacteria
27
Nitrogen gas converted into nitrates -Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (NFB) carries out what process? (1 mark)
Converting Nitrogen Gas into Nitrates.
28
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria need what and why? | 2 marks
O2 - they are aerobic.
29
Why is O2 needed in the Nitrogen Cycle? | 2 marks
O2 + high temps quicken process.
30
What is found free in soil/roots modules - found on roots of plants such as peas, beans + clover? (1 mark)
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria
31
Within roots nodules, Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria gain 1._____________ from 2.______ + plant gains source of nitrates in return. (2 marks)
1. Carbohydrates | 2. Plant
32
Within roots nodules, Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria gain carbon from plant + 1._____ gains source of 2.________ in return (2 marks)
1. Plant | 2. Nitrates
33
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria gain Carbon | 2 marks
From plant + plant gains source of nitrates in return.
34
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria (NFB) | 4 marks
Prokaryotic (aerobic) microorganisms Found ‘free’ in soil/root nodules found on roots of leguminous plants
35
In decaying plants + animals; | 5 marks
Bacteria/fungi break down protein into ammonium compounds - put back into the soil by decomposers. Urine + faeces sends Nitrogen back into soil as ammonium compounds.
36
Where is Urea, in the Body, found? | 1 mark
Urine
37
What does Urea contain? | 1 mark
Nitrogen
38
Urine + faeces during decomposition of an animal | 2 marks
Sends Nitrogen back into soil as ammonium compounds.
39
Protein in the Body during decomposition of an animal | 3 marks
Bacteria/fungi break down protein into ammonium compounds (ammonia)- put back into the soil by decomposers.
40
2 ways Nitrogen can be taken out of the air and converted into something easier to absorb: (10 marks)
- NF bacteria found ‘free living’ in soil + root nodules of leguminous Plant take N2 gas = change into nitrates in soil - Lightning can ‘fix’ N2 gas, splitting bond between the 2 atoms + turning them into nitrous oxides like N2O and NO2 that dissolve in rain water and ‘leach’ into the soil.
41
Leguminous plants (legumes) | 1 mark
Plants such as peas, beans + clover.
42
Nitrifying Bacteria (NB) | 3 marks
Aerobic (needs O2) - O2 + high temps quickens process of Nitrification.
43
During the Nitrogen Cycle Ammonia is converted into | 1 mark
Nitrates
44
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria - job | 3 marks
Gain carbon from plant (Nitrogen Fixation stage) Transforming Nitrogen Gas from the atmosphere into “fixed nitrogen” compounds - usable by plants.
45
How can Farmers help reduce the amount of Denitrifying bacteria in their soil? (1 mark)
By ploughing and turning over soil.
46
Fertilisers | 5 marks
Mainly contain nitrates that the crops can use for growth. Can also contain calcium - needed for the production of plant cell walls Magnesium - needed to make chlorophyll.
47
What happens when crops are harvested + animals slaughtered? | 1 mark
Nutrients they took from the soil are lost.
48
In order to replace these lost nutrients in fertilisers, farmers use... (2 marks)
Natural or artificial fertiliser.
49
Examples of Natural Fertilisers e.g. slurry, manure and compost (3 marks)
- Slurry - Manure - Compost
50
If nutrients are removed but not replaced in soil | 1 mark
It will eventually lose its ability to grow crops.
51
What do crops use Nitrates (from fertilisers) for? | 1 mark
Growth
52
How can calcium from fertilisers benefit a crop? | 1 mark
Production of plant cell walls.
53
How is magnesium (from fertilisers) used by crops? | 1 mark
To make chlorophyll.
54
Eutrophication | 2 marks
Water pollution caused by the addition of sewage or fertiliser.
55
Sewage or fertiliser run-off increases | 3 marks
Nitrate concentration of the water + has a negative effect on the aquatic ecosystem; - nutrient concentration of water.
56
Process of Eutrophication | 8 marks
Sewage/fertiliser run-off increases nutrient concentration of water. Extra nutrients cause increased growth of equator plants/algae - this is known as algai bloom. Algai bloom - covers waters surface killing plants below the surface as light + O2 can’t reach them. Algae die as nutrients run out. Aerobic Bacteria decomposes dead plants. Bacteria use up O2 for respiration. Fish + other organisms die from lack of O2.
57
Algae Bloom | 4 marks
Extra nutrients causing increased growth of equator plants/algae over waters surface - killing plants below the surface as light + O2 can’t reach them.
58
Aerobic Bacteria decomposes | 1 mark
Dead plants
59
Bacteria uses up __ for respiration. | 1 mark
O2
60
Bacteria use up O2 for ___________. | 1 mark
Respiration
61
Fish + other organisms die from | 1 mark
Lack of O2.
62
Reduce eutrophication | 2 marks
Controlling the use of fertiliser. Storing manure + slurry more securely.

CCEA GCSE Biology (33 decks)

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