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CCEA GCSE Biology > Photosynthesis & Plants > Flashcards

Photosynthesis & Plants Flashcards

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1
Q

Photosynthesis

5 marks

A

Endothermic process that takes place in the Chloroplasts.

(Chemical reaction) used by plants to make glucose + O2 from CO2 + water, using light energy.

O2 is a by-product of photosynthesis.

Algae subsumed within plants and some bacteria are also photosynthetic.

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2
Q

Photosynthesis Word Equation:

5 marks

A

Carbon Dioxide + Water —(Light)—> Glucose + Oxygen

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3
Q

Photosynthesis Balanced Chemical Equations:

4 marks

A

6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

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4
Q

The plant uses the glucose it produces (during photosynthesis) for:

(3 marks)

A

Respiration

Storage

Useful Substances

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5
Q

Glucose Uses: Respiration

1 mark

A

The Glucose is used to provide energy.

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6
Q

Glucose Uses: Storage

2 marks

A

The Glucose is converted into Starch and Oils.

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7
Q

Glucose Uses: Useful Substances

3 marks

A

The Glucose is converted into -

Cellulose for Cell Walls,

Protein for Growth

and Chlorophyll.

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8
Q

Transparent Waxy Cuticle

4 marks

A

Protective layer - that allows light to enter the leaf.

Waterproof adaptations - in order to prevent water loss by evaporation.

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9
Q

Types of Epidermis

2 marks

A

Upper and Lower Epidermis.

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10
Q

Upper Epidermis

1 mark

A

Transparent to allow light to pass through (into the leaf).

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11
Q

Lower Epidermis

3 marks

A

Protective layer on bottom of leaf.

Contains stomata + guard cells.

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12
Q

Stomata and (their job) in Lower Epidermis of a Leaf

3 marks

A

Apertures through which gases are exchanged
- allows Carbon Dioxide + Oxygen to enter/leave leaf.

Open during day + closed at night.

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13
Q

Guard Cells (and their job) in Lower Epidermis of the Leaf

3 marks

A

Allows for Gas Exchange - allows CO2 in and out.

Through opening and closing Epidermis.

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14
Q

Palisade Mesophyll Layer

3 marks

A

Uniform shape, tightly compact with chloroplasts-

Packed together at the top of the leaf.

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15
Q

Job of Chloroplasts in Upper Epidermis

1 mark

A

To trap as much light as possible.

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16
Q

Leaves are adapted for:

2 marks

A

Light absorption

Gas Exchange

17
Q

Why are adaptations made in the leaf?

1 mark

A

Maximise Light Absorption

18
Q

Spongy Mesophyll

7 marks

A

Leaf cells - Irregular shaped Mesophyll contains very few Chloroplasts.

Contains large Surface Area to allow Storage Gases/Gas Exchange

  • increases the diffusion of CO2 + O2 and allows CO2 to travel to Cells.
19
Q

Surface Area and Gas Exchange In Spongy Mesophyll

2 marks

A

Increases the diffusion of Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen.

Allows CO2 to travel to Cells.

20
Q

When do Stomata usually open and close?

2 marks

A

Open during day.

Close at night.

21
Q

Where is Stomata usually found?

2 marks

A

Lower end of leaf.

In Epidermis of Leaves/Stems.

22
Q

What surrounds Stomata in Plants?

1 mark

A

2 Guard Cells.

23
Q

Intercellular air spaces within the Spongy Mesophyll Layer

2 marks

A

Allow the diffusion of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

24
Q

Adaptations to maximise Gas Exchange

3 marks

A

Spongy Mesophyll

Stomata

Intercellular Air Spaces

25
Q

Important parts of leaves for Light Absorption and Gas Exchange

(9 marks)

A
  • Transparent Waxy Cuticle
  • Upper Epidermis
  • Chloroplasts
  • Palisade Mesophyll Layer
  • Spongy Mesophyll
  • Intercellular Air Space
  • Lower Epidermis
  • Stoma
  • Guard Cells
26
Q

Adaptations to Maximise Light Absorption

6 marks

A

Each leaf is not in the shade of another.

Transparent Waxy Cuticle.

Epidermis (Upper and Lower).

Palisade Mesophyll Layer.

Leaves are thin with a large Surface Area.

27
Q

Kinetic

1 mark

A

The energy an object possesses due to its motion.

28
Q

Ethanol

2 marks

A

Alcohol produced as a result of fermentation of sugars by yeast.

29
Q

Iodine

3 marks

A

Chemical reagent

Changes from yellow-brown to blue-black in the presence of starch.

30
Q

Plateau

1 mark

A

Staying at the same level for a period of time.

31
Q

Endothermic

1 mark

A

A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings.

32
Q

Pigment

1 mark

A

A coloured chemical.

33
Q

Spongy Mesophyll: Simplified

3 marks

A

Plant tissue in a leaf which has loosely packed cells and air spaces between them

to allow gas exchange.

34
Q

Chlorophyll

2 marks

A

The green chemical inside the chloroplasts of plant cells.

It enables photosynthesis to take place.

35
Q

Stomata

4 marks

A

Tiny holes in the epidermis (skin) of a leaf

  • control gas exchange by opening + closing
  • involved in loss of water from leaves.

Singular; stoma.

CCEA GCSE Biology (33 decks)

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