Respiratory System, Breathing & Respiration

Question 1

Alveoli

Answer 1

Small air sacs that are the site of gas exchange.

Question 2

Bronchiole

Answer 2

Branch off the bronchi.

Question 3

Bronchus

Answer 3

Branches off the trachea to bring air into the lungs.

Also supported by rings of cartilage.

Question 4

Carbon Dioxide

Answer 4

Waste product made by the body’s cells during Respiration.

Question 5

Diaphragm

Answer 5

A large Dome-Shaped sheet of muscle below the ribs

• separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity -

that aids breathing.

Question 6

Lung

Answer 6

Organ where gas exchange occurs.

Question 7

Nasal Cavity

Answer 7

Air is warmed and filtered as it enters the body.

Question 8

Pleural Fluid

Answer 8

Fluid found in the pleural cavity (between the pleural membrane layers).

It further reduces friction during breathing

Question 9

Pleural Membranes

Answer 9

Thin layers that reduce friction between the lungs and the inside of the chest wall during breathing.

Question 10

Ribs

Answer 10

Protect internal organs of the thorax.

Question 11

Thorax

Answer 11

Part of the body between the neck and abdomen.

Question 12

Trachea

Answer 12

Brings air into the lungs.

Supported by rings of cartilage that prevent it collapsing.

Question 13

Exhalation

Answer 13

The action of breathing out.

Question 14

Gas Exchange

Answer 14

Occurs in the alveoli.

Question 14

Inhalation

Answer 14

The action of breathing in.

Question 15

During Inhalation

Answer 15

Oxygen diffuses from the Alveoli into the Blood

to be used for respiration by the body’s cells.

Question 16

During Exhalation

Answer 16

CO2 diffuses from the Blood

into the Alveoli and is exhaled.

Question 17

Respiration

Answer 17

Series of Exothermic Reactions - occur in mitochondria of living cells to release energy from food molecules.

Energy can be used to produce heat, for movement, growth, reproduction and active uptake.

Uses glucose and O2 to release energy organisms need, to live.
- CO2 is a by-product of respiration.

2 types of respiration - aerobic + anaerobic.

Question 18

Adaptations of the alveoli

Answer 18

• Large surface area
• Thin walls
• Moist walls
• Permeable walls
• Extensive blood supply
• A large diffusion gradient

Question 19

Adaptations of the alveoli -

Explained:

Answer 19

• Large surface area - many alveoli are present in the lungs with a shape that further increases surface area.
• Thin walls - alveolar walls are one cell thick providing gases with a short diffusion distance.
• Moist walls - gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface.
• Permeable walls - allow gases to pass through.
• Extensive blood supply - ensuring O2 rich blood is taken away from the lungs and carbon dioxide rich blood is taken to the lungs.
• A large diffusion gradient - breathing ensures that the O2 concentration in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries so O2 moves from the alveoli to the blood. CO2 diffuses in the opposite direction.

Question 20

Adaptations of the alveoli -

Large Surface Area:

Answer 20

Many alveoli are in the lungs with a shape that further increases surface area.

Question 21

Adaptations of the alveoli -

Thin Walls:

Answer 21

Alveolar walls

• one cell thick
• providing gases with a short diffusion distance.

Question 22

Adaptations of the alveoli -

Moist Walls:

Answer 22

Gases dissolve in the moisture

helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface.

Question 23

Adaptations of the alveoli -

Permeable Walls

Answer 23

Allow gases to pass through.

Question 24

Adaptations of the alveoli - | Extensive blood supply:

Answer 24

Ensuring O2 rich blood is taken away from the lungs and CO2 rich blood is taken to the lungs.

Question 25

Adaptations of the alveoli - | Large diffusion gradient

Answer 25

Breathing ensures; the O2 concentration in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries so O2 moves from the alveoli to the blood. CO2 diffuses in the opposite direction.

Question 26

Respiratory Surfaces - | In Plants:

Answer 26

Gas exchange - occurs in spongy mesophyll cells that surround air spaces in the leaves. Many spongy mesophyll cells - in contact with the air spaces; providing large surface area for gas exchange to happen. Spongy mesophyll cell membranes - also thin, moist and permeable; aiding gas exchange further.

Question 27

Respiratory Surfaces - | In Plants: Gas Exchange

Answer 27

Occurs in spongy mesophyll cells that surround air spaces in the leaves.

Question 28

Respiratory Surfaces - | In Plants: (Many) Spongy Mesophyll Cells

Answer 28

In contact with the air spaces; providing large surface area for gas exchange to happen.

Question 29

Respiratory Surfaces - | In Plants: Spongy Mesophyll Cell Membranes

Answer 29

Thin, moist and permeable; aiding gas exchange further.

Question 30

Respiratory Surfaces - | In Plants: Simplified

Answer 30

Gas exchange Many spongy mesophyll cells Spongy mesophyll cell membranes

Question 31

Inflate

Answer 31

To fill with air.

Question 32

Deflate

Answer 32

To let air out.

Question 33

Human Thorax

Answer 33

The ribs and upper backbone, and the organs found in the chest.

Question 34

Diaphragm: Contracts and Flattens

Answer 34

Inhalation takes place - Lungs expand and fill with Oxygen Chest Cavity enlarges

Question 35

Diaphragm Contraction

Answer 35

Pulls oxygen into lungs.

Question 36

Diaphragm: Relaxes and bounces upwards

Answer 36

Exhalation takes place - Diaphragm moves higher into the thoracic cavity = Pressure on Lungs; forces CO2 out of body. Lungs Deflate.

Question 37

Diaphragm Relaxes

Answer 37

Pushes CO2 out of the body. Diaphragm returns to dome-shape. Volume inside Thorax decreases.

Question 38

Lungs: Increase in volume

Answer 38

Causes a Decrease in pressure.

Question 39

Lungs: Inflate as air enters

Answer 39

Until pressures inside and outside are equal.

Question 40

Lungs: Deflate as air exits

Answer 40

Until pressures inside and outside are equal.

Question 41

Lungs: Decrease in volume

Answer 41

Causes an increase in pressure.

Question 42

Diaphragm: Moves up

Answer 42

Volume inside the thorax decreases.

Question 43

Volume inside the Thorax increases

Answer 43

When: Diaphragm Contracts and Flattens

Question 44

Breathing In

Answer 44

Intercostal Muscles Contract. Moving Ribs Up and Out. Increasing volume of Thorax.

Question 45

Breathing Out

Answer 45

Intercostal Muscles Relax. Moving Ribs Down and In. Decreasing Volume of Thorax.

Question 46

Space between the lungs and Thoracic Wall

Answer 46

Very Small

Question 47

Intercostal Muscles

Answer 47

Sets of Muscles between Ribs - Raise and lower the rib cage.

Question 48

Muscle Cells

Answer 48

Require more energy during exercise.

Question 49

During Exercise: Cells

Answer 49

Need more O2 Produce more CO2 - as a result of increased respiration.

Question 50

Blood reaches the Lungs

Answer 50

Larger volume of air is needed To replace the O2 used And remove the CO2 produced by this extra respiration.

Question 51

To supply more O2 to Exercising Cells

Answer 51

Body increases the rate and depth of breathing.

Question 52

Recovery Time

Answer 52

Time taken for the breathing rate to return to normal. Can be used as a measure of fitness.

Question 53

2 types of respiration

Answer 53

Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration.

Question 54

Uses of Energy released during Respiration

Answer 54

Movement Growth Reproduction Active Uptake

Question 55

Where do Exothermic Reactions occur?

Answer 55

Mitochondria of living cells

Question 56

Series of Exothermic Reactions

Answer 56

Respiration

Question 57

What happens during an Exothermic Reaction

Answer 57

Mitochondria releases energy from food molecules.

Question 58

Uses glucose and O2 to release energy organisms need, to survive

Answer 58

Respiration

Question 59

By-product of Respiration

Answer 59

CO2

Question 60

Secondary product derived from a Chemical Reaction

Answer 60

By-product

Question 61

By-product

Answer 61

Secondary product derived from a Chemical Reaction.

Question 62

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 62

- Happens in the presence of O2. | - Releases more energy than Anaerobic Respiration.

Question 63

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 63

Happens in the absence of O2 - occurs during strenuous exercise/activity.

Question 64

Build up of Lactic Acid

Answer 64

Created by Strenuous Activity. Causes Muscle soreness.

Question 65

Strenuous Activity

Answer 65

Causes Anaerobic Respiration. Creates a build up of Lactic Acid.

Question 66

Absence of O2

Answer 66

Leads to Anaerobic Respiration. Creates a build of Lactic Acid and causes Muscle soreness.

Question 67

Respiration that releases the most energy

Answer 67

Aerobic Respiration

Question 68

Presence of O2

Answer 68

Leads to Aerobic Respiration. Produces more energy than Anaerobic Respiration.

Question 69

Respiration: happens in the absence of O2

Answer 69

Anaerobic Respiration

Question 70

Respiration: happens in the presence of O2

Answer 70

Aerobic Respiration

Question 71

Aerobic Respiration: Word Equation

Answer 71

Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Question 72

Aerobic Respiration: Balanced Chemical Equation:

Answer 72

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Question 73

Anaerobic Activity: Word Equation in Mammalian Muscle Cells

Answer 73

Glucose → lactic acid + energy

Question 74

Anaerobic Respiration: Word Equation in Yeast Cells

Answer 74

Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

Question 75

The alcohol produced is the basis of wine and beer

Answer 75

Product of Anaerobic Respiration

Question 76

Equation that produces the basis of Wine or Beer

Answer 76

Glucose → Alcohol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy

Question 77

Cells that produce the basis of Wine and Beer

Answer 77

Yeast Cells

Question 78

Produces alcohol

Answer 78

Yeast Cells during Anaerobic Respiration.