Ecological Relationships & Energy Flow

Question 1

Consumer

2 marks

Answer 1

Animal that eats a plant or another animal in order to obtain energy.

Question 2

Egestion

3 marks

Answer 2

Process of passing out the remains of food that has not been digested - as faeces - through the anus.

Question 3

Excretion

2 marks

Answer 3

Process by which waste products from chemical reactions in an organism are removed.

Question 4

Producer

2 marks

Answer 4

Plant that produces its own food by Photosynthesis.

Question 5

Trophic level

3 marks

Answer 5

Position of an organism in a food chain, food web or pyramid.

Question 6

Respiration

2 marks

Answer 6

Chemical reaction that happens in every living cell to release energy from food molecules.

Question 7

Original source of energy for almost all organisms on the Earth

(1 mark)

Answer 7

The Sun

Question 8

Energy flow;
Detailed

(3 marks)

Answer 8

Amount of energy that moves through a food chain.

Energy input/energy that enters the ecosystem - measured in Joules/calories.

Alt. name = calorific flow.

Question 9

Plants trap sunlight energy in…

1 mark

Answer 9

Chlorophyll

Question 10

Why do plants trap sunlight energy in Chlorophyll?

2 marks

Answer 10

To use it during photosynthesis to make food (sugar + starch)

• it then can be passed onto animals.

Question 11

Animals/consumers obtain the food made by plants/producers through…?

(1 mark)

Answer 11

Feeding

Question 12

Feeding

1 mark

Answer 12

Animals/consumers obtain the food made by plants/producers through feeding.

Question 13

What type of consumers are Herbivores?

1 mark

Answer 13

Primary consumers

Question 14

Herbivores

1 mark

Answer 14

Plant eating animals.

Question 15

What type of consumers are Carnivores?

1 mark

Answer 15

Secondary consumers

Question 16

Carnivores

1 mark

Answer 16

Animals who eat other animals.

Question 17

Those that feed on secondary consumers

1 mark

Answer 17

Tertiary consumers

Question 18

The Sequence of Feeding

1 mark

Answer 18

Producers ➡️ Primary Consumers ➡️ Secondary Consumers ➡️ Tertiary Consumers

Question 19

Tertiary Consumers

1 mark

Answer 19

Feed on Secondary Consumers.

Question 20

Secondary Consumers

1 mark

Answer 20

Feed on Primary Consumers.

Question 21

Producers

1 mark

Answer 21

Feed Primary Consumers.

Question 22

Primary Consumers

1 mark

Answer 22

Feed on Producers.

Question 23

This sequence of feeding shows

1 mark

Answer 23

The flow of energy.

Question 24

The different stages in the feeding sequence

1 mark

Answer 24

Tropic levels

Question 25

Trophic levels

1 mark

Answer 25

The different stages in the feeding sequence.

Question 26

Energy flow

1 mark

Answer 26

Amount of energy that moves through a food chain.

Question 27

Energy flow alternative name

1 mark

Answer 27

Calorific flow

Question 28

What is the energy input/energy that enters the ecosystem measured?

(2 marks)

Answer 28

Joules or Calories

Question 29

Trophic Level 1

1 mark

Answer 29

Primary Consumers

Question 30

Trophic Level 2

1 mark

Answer 30

Secondary Consumers

Question 31

Trophic Level 3

1 mark

Answer 31

Tertiary Consumers

Question 32

How can the Specific feeding sequences (and therefore flow of energy) be represented?

(1 mark)

Answer 32

Food chain

Question 33

Arrows between each organism show the direction of:

4 marks

Answer 33

• Feeding (consumption).
• Energy flow.
• Transfer of substances such as Carbon + Nitrogen.

Question 34

Food webs

2 marks

Answer 34

Show a number of food chains that are interlinked

• due to the organisms involved living in close proximity.

Question 35

Most organisms will have more than 1 food source that can be seen in a food web but not…

(1 mark)

Answer 35

A food chain.

Question 36

What is lost between each trophic level?

1 mark

Answer 36

Energy

Question 37

When is energy lost when the sun is shining on the producer (Plant)?

(2 marks)

Answer 37

Energy is lost when light is reflected off the leaf

• or passes through but misses the chloroplasts

Question 38

Why is it not a problem when light misses a plants (producers) chloroplasts or reflects off a leaf - losing a plant energy?

(1 mark)

Answer 38

There is no shortage of light from the sun.

Question 39

Between each Trophic Level, how much of the energy is transferred to the next?

(1 mark)

Answer 39

10- 20%

Question 40

How much energy is lost between each trophic level?

1 mark

Answer 40

80-90%.

Question 41

Why is energy lost between each trophic level?

3 marks

Answer 41

Whole organism not being eaten (skeleton + fur).

Not all food digested – some passes out of the animal in excretion or egestion.

Some lost as heat in respiration + therefore not being passed onto the next level

Question 42

What does respiration provide an animal with?

1 mark

Answer 42

Energy for movement, reproduction + growth

Question 43

What is energy required for (in animals)?

3 marks

Answer 43

Movement, reproduction + growth.

Question 44

Benefit of shorter food chains

1 mark

Answer 44

More energy efficient as energy is lost at each stage.

Question 45

Pyramid of Numbers

2 marks

Answer 45

Number of organisms in each trophic level counted + presented in a diagram

• they are referred to as pyramids because of their shape.

Question 46

Producers have a higher value…

1 mark

Answer 46

than the primary consumers;

primary consumers have a higher value than secondary consumers and so on.

Question 47

Advantage of Pyramid of Numbers

1 mark

Answer 47

Counting numbers is easy to do.

Question 48

Disadvantages of Pyramid of Numbers

2 marks

Answer 48

They do not take the organism’s size into account so may not always resemble a pyramid.

E.g if producer is 1 tree then pyramid will look inverted.

Question 49

Inverted

1 mark

Answer 49

Smaller on bottom.

Question 50

Pyramid of Biomass

2 marks

Answer 50

Biomass - (amount of living material) - of organisms in each trophic level is measured + presented in a pyramid of biomass.

Question 51

Advantages of Pyramid of Biomass

2 marks

Answer 51

More accurate as the organism’s size is taken into account.

E.g bar representing 1 tree will be largest as it has more mass than primary consumers.

Question 52

Why are Pyramids of Biomass used?

1 mark

Answer 52

To overcome the problem of inverted pyramids of number.