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CCEA GCSE Biology > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Independent Assortment

2 marks

A

Process that takes place during meiosis, in which chromosomes are reassorted.



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2
Q

In order to grow - most living organisms

2 marks

A

Increase their cell number - Cells double in number by splitting in half.

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3
Q

2 types of cell division

2 marks

A

Mitosis + Meiosis

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4
Q

Mitosis -
Explained

(5 marks)

A

Used to grow/replace worn out cells + repair damaged tissue.

  • produces 2 new (daughter) Cells in 1 division.
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5
Q

Number of Cells produced in Mitosis

2 marks

A

2 new cells (daughter cells) in 1 division.

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6
Q

Cells produces during Mitosis

3 marks

A

Daughter cells - genetically identical (clones) to parent cell + each other.

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7
Q

What does Mitosis ensure

3 marks

A

Every cell in the growing organism contains the same genes + chromosomes.

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8
Q

Human sex cells contain:
-Meiosis-

(2 marks)

A

1 chromosome from each of the 23 pairs.

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9
Q

Meiosis -
Explained

(5 marks)

A

Occurs in testes + ovaries

1 diploid cell produces 4 haploid gametes, in 2 divisions - this is reduction division.

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10
Q

Meiosis -
Simplified

(3 marks)

A

1 diploid cell produces 4 haploid gametes, in 2 divisions

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11
Q

Where does Meiosis take place?

2 marks

A

Testes + Ovaries

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12
Q

Produced during Meiosis

4 marks

A

Haploid Gametes -

Sex Cells such as sperm/ovum with half the number of Chromosomes.

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13
Q

Haploid conditions:
In detail

(3 marks)

A

1 copy of each Chromosome; non-homologous Chromosomes.

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14
Q

Diploid conditions:
In detail

(3 marks)

A

2 copies of each chromosome; pairs of homologous Chromosomes (of maternal + paternal origin).

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15
Q

Haploid gametes

2 marks

A

Human sex cells - contain 1 chromosome from each of the 23 pairs.

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16
Q

4 gametes produced in meiosis are

3 marks

A

Genetically different - process of independent assortment leads to all gametes being different.

17
Q

Independent assortment + the random nature of fertilisation lead to

(3 marks)

A

Variation in living organisms – no 2 organisms are the same (apart from identical twins).

18
Q

Variation in living organisms

2 marks

A

No 2 organisms are the same (apart from identical twins).

19
Q

During fertilisation the Haploid Nucleus of a Sperm Cell + the Haploid Nucleus of an Egg Cell

(2 marks)

A

Fuse together to form a Diploid Zygote.

20
Q

Diploid Zygote

5 marks

A

Fusion of Sperm cells Haploid Nucleus + Egg cells Haploid Nucleus in a fertilised ovum (Zygote)

  • 2 weeks after fertilisation becomes an Embryo with the full number of Chromosomes (23 pairs)
21
Q

Fertilised ovum

1 mark

A

Zygote

22
Q

After Cell division a fertilised ovum (zygote) develops into a

(1 mark)

A

Embryo

23
Q

Diploid Zygote becomes a
- the Next stage-

(1 mark)

A

Embryo

24
Q

Number of Chromosomes passed down from each parent during Fertilisation/Cell Division

(3 marks)

A

23 from Mother
23 from Father

= 46 Chromosomes

25
Q

Number of Chromosomes passed down from each parent during Fertilisation/Cell Division when the child has Down Syndrome

(3 marks)

A

23 from one parent + 24 from the other

= 47 Chromosomes

26
Q

The Sperm Cell carries __ Chromosomes to the Ovum during Fertilisation (typically)

(1 mark)

A

23

27
Q

The Ovum carries 23 ___________ (typically)

1 mark

A

Chromosomes

28
Q

Stages of Mitosis (in order)

7 marks

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase
  3. Prometaphase (Late prophase)
  4. Metaphase
  5. Anaphase
  6. Telophase
  7. Cytokinesis (Daughter Cells )
29
Q

All Stages of Meiosis (in order)

15 marks

A

Meiosis I

  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase I
  3. Prometaphase I (Late Prophase)
  4. Metaphase I
  5. Anaphase I
  6. Telophase I
  7. Cytokinesis

Meiosis II

  1. Prophase II
  2. Prometaphase II
  3. Metaphase II
  4. Anaphase II
  5. Telophase II
  6. Cytokinesis
30
Q

Stages of Meiosis I (in order)

7 marks

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Prophase I
  3. Prometaphase I (Late Prophase)
  4. Metaphase I
  5. Anaphase I
  6. Telophase I
  7. Cytokinesis
31
Q

Stages of Meiosis II in order

6 marks

A
  1. Prophase II
  2. Prometaphase II
  3. Metaphase II
  4. Anaphase II
  5. Telophase II
  6. Cytokinesis

CCEA GCSE Biology (33 decks)

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